ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2020
Is Embryo Cryopreservation Causing Macrosomia-and What Else?
Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- The long-term effect of prenatal progesterone treatment on child development, behaviour and health: a systematic review.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2021Pooled it
- Development and validation of a prediction model for premature progesterone elevation during early-follicular phase long-acting GnRH-a long protocol.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Freeze all for all- is it justified?Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2025Article
- Defining the LH surge in natural cycle frozen-thawed embryo transfer: the role of LH, estradiol, and progesterone.Journal of ovarian research · 2025Observational
- Impact of embryo transfer strategies on children health outcomes: a retrospective national cohort study in Taiwan.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- hMG addition affects the change in progesterone level during IVF stimulation and LBR: a retrospective cohort study.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2023Article
- The HERA (Hyper-response Risk Assessment) Delphi consensus for the management of hyper-responders in in vitro fertilization.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2023Article
- The utility of all-freeze IVF cycles depends on the composition of study populations.Journal of ovarian research · 2023Article
- Assisted Reproductive Technology without Embryo Discarding or Freezing in Women ≥40 Years: A 5-Year Retrospective Study at a Single Center in Italy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Neonatal Outcomes and Long-Term Follow-Up of Children Born from Frozen Embryo, a Narrative Review of Latest Research Findings.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Review
- Revisiting selected ethical aspects of current clinical in vitro fertilization (IVF) practice.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2022Review
- Maternal and neonatal outcomes followingExperimental and therapeutic medicine · 2022Article
- Obstetric and Perinatal Complications Associated with Assisted Reproductive Techniques - Review.Maedica · 2021Article
- Microsomic and macrosomic body structure in children and adolescents affected by syndromes or diseases associated with neurodysfunction.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Assisted reproductive technology, justice and autonomy in an era of COVID-19.Reproductive biomedicine online · 2021Article
- Number of embryos transferred and diagnosis of preeclampsia.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The number of embryos transferred during an IVF cycle is directly related to the high incidence of multiple births, which is the culprit of perinatal morbidity. Therefore, single fresh embryo transfer (ET) strategy, or freeze-all, followed by a single frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycle, may dramatically reduce the rate of multiple births, without compromising the cumulative live birth rates (LBRs). A literature review was conducted for all available evidences assessing obstetrics and perinatal outcomes associated with FET compared to fresh ET and natural conception. While studies comparing fresh and FET cycles in normal responders have yielded conflicting results for pregnancy rate, FET was associated with lower risk of prematurity and low birth weight and increased risk of large for gestational age (LGA) and/or macrosomic in singletons, when compared with fresh ET. Macrosomic/LGA births have a higher risk of fetal hypoxia, stillbirth, shoulder dystocia, perineal lacerations, cesarean section, postpartum hemorrhage and neonatal metabolic disturbances at birth. Nonetheless, it seems that other than higher risk of fetal macrosomia, there are additional obstetric complications associated with FET. The relative risk of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, as well as perinatal mortality were also demonstrated to be increased in FET compared with singletons from fresh ET and natural conception. Therefore, when considering elective freeze-all policy, in addition to LBR and the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, physicians should consider the aforementioned increased FET cycles' pregnancy complications, including LGA/ macrosomia, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, as well as perinatal mortality.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.