ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2019
Albumin Levels in Tear Film Modulate the Bioavailability of Medically-Relevant Topical Drugs.
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibiotics in Veterinary Ophthalmology: Resistance, Stewardship, and Emerging Antibiotic-Sparing Strategies.Veterinary ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Comprehensive insights into the role of nanocarriers in advancing azole-based ocular therapeutics.RSC advances · 2025Review
- Evaluation of 0.1% and 1% atropine eyedrops in cats: A comparative study of tolerance, stability, and efficacy.Veterinary ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Role of Inflammation in Canine Primary Glaucoma.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
- Article
- Effect of topical nitric oxide donors 0.03% nitroglycerin and 0.1% hydralazine on intraocular pressure in healthy canine eyes.Veterinary medicine and science · 2022Article
- Fluorescent Nanosystems for Drug Tracking and Theranostics: Recent Applications in the Ocular Field.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Review of Approaches for Increasing Ophthalmic Bioavailability for Eye Drop Formulations.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2021Review
- Albumin in Tears Modulates Bacterial Susceptibility to Topical Antibiotics in Ophthalmology.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The breakdown of blood-tear barrier that occurs with ocular pathology allows for large amounts of albumin to leak into the tear fluid. This process likely represents an important restriction to drug absorption in ophthalmology, as only the unbound drug is transported across the ocular tissue barriers to exert its pharmacologic effect. We aimed to investigate the effects of albumin levels in tears on the bioavailability of two commonly used ophthalmic drugs: tropicamide, an antimuscarinic that produces mydriasis and cycloplegia, and latanoprost, a PGF2α analog used for the treatment of glaucoma. Eight female beagle dogs underwent a randomized, vehicle-controlled crossover trial. For each dog, one eye received 30 µl of artificial tears (control) or canine albumin (0.4 or 1.5%) at random, immediately followed by 30 µl of 1% tropicamide (2 days, 24 h washout) or 0.005% latanoprost (2 days, 72 h washout) in both eyes. Pupil diameter (digital caliper) and intraocular pressure (IOP; rebound tonometry) were recorded at various times following drug administration (0 to 480 min) and compared between both groups with a mixed model for repeated measures. Albumin in tears had a significant impact on pupillary diameter for both tropicamide (
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