ArticlemBio2020
Encephalitic Alphaviruses Exploit Caveola-Mediated Transcytosis at the Blood-Brain Barrier for Central Nervous System Entry.
Article in mBio, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spatial dynamics of viral replication drive biphasic lymphoid activation and systemic alphavirus immune responses.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Alphavirus replicase and regulatory RNA elements in host interactions and viral vector engineering.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Characterization of an immunocompetent, young adult mouse model for studying chikungunya virus neuroinvasion and central nervous system infection.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus infection causes chronic neurobehavioral outcomes, cellular remodeling, and hippocampal single-cell transcriptomic changes.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus: novel live-attenuated vaccines for inducing complete protective immunity.Npj viruses · 2026Review
- Article
- Progress in research on mosquito-borne viruses: Understanding infection, transmission, and control.Infectious diseases & immunity · 2026Review
- Pathogenic breaches: how viruses compromise blood-tissue barriers.Tissue barriers · 2026Review
- Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus: Structural Biology, Vaccines, and Advances in Functional Antibodies.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Multimodal Imaging Reveals Cerebral Microcirculation Dynamics and Mechanisms in Mouse Central Nervous System After Intranasal Infection With Recombinant Pseudorabies Virus.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Old World alphaviruses use distinct mechanisms to infect brain microvascular endothelial cells for neuroinvasion.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Unraveling the complexities of neurotropic virus infection and immune evasion.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- High binding potency overcomes the requirement of Fc effector functions for broadly reactive anti-alphavirus antibodies.Science translational medicine · 2025Article
- Systemic HER3 ligand-mimicking nanobioparticles enter the brain and reduce intracranial tumour growth.Nature nanotechnology · 2025Article
- A combination of systemic mannitol and mannitol modified polyester nanoparticles for caveolae-mediated gene delivery to the brain.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Article
- Neuropathogenesis of Encephalitic Alphaviruses in Non-Human Primate and Mouse Models of Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Viruses and the Brain-A Relationship Prone to Trouble.Viruses · 2025Review
- Machine learning identifies genes linked to neurological disorders induced by equine encephalitis viruses, traumatic brain injuries, and organophosphorus nerve agents.Frontiers in computational neuroscience · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Venezuelan and western equine encephalitis viruses (VEEV and WEEV, respectively) invade the central nervous system (CNS) early during infection, via neuronal and hematogenous routes. While viral replication mediates host shutoff, including expression of type I interferons (IFN), few studies have addressed how alphaviruses gain access to the CNS during established infection or the mechanisms of viral crossing at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Here, we show that hematogenous dissemination of VEEV and WEEV into the CNS occurs via caveolin-1 (Cav-1)-mediated transcytosis (Cav-MT) across an intact BBB, which is impeded by IFN and inhibitors of RhoA GTPase. Use of reporter and nonreplicative strains also demonstrates that IFN signaling mediates viral restriction within cells comprising the neurovascular unit (NVU), differentially rendering brain endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes permissive to viral replication. Transmission and immunoelectron microscopy revealed early events in virus internalization and Cav-1 association within brain endothelial cells. Cav-1-deficient mice exhibit diminished CNS VEEV and WEEV titers during early infection, whereas viral burdens in peripheral tissues remained unchanged. Our findings show that alphaviruses exploit Cav-MT to enter the CNS and that IFN differentially restricts this process at the BBB.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.