Trial reportEvidence-based mental health2020
Validity and characteristics of patient-evaluated adherence to medication via smartphones in patients with bipolar disorder: exploratory reanalyses on pooled data from the MONARCA I and II trials.
Trial report in Evidence-based mental health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Electronic Daily Self-monitoring of Subjective and Objective Symptoms in Bipolar Disorder - The MONARCA Project (MONitoring, treAtment and pRediCtion of bipolAr Disorder Episodes)
Daily Electronic Monitoring of Subjective and Objective Measures of Illness Activity in Bipolar Disorder - The MONARCA II Trial (MONitoring, treAtment and pRediCtion of bipolAr Disorder Episodes II)
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Barriers and Facilitators of User Engagement With Digital Mental Health Interventions for People With Psychosis or Bipolar Disorder: Systematic Review and Best-Fit Framework Synthesis.JMIR mental health · 2025Pooled it
- Digital tools for assessing bipolar disorder: A scoping review of the current landscape.Neuroscience applied · 2026Article
- Digital Health Around Clinical High Risk and First-Episode Psychosis.Current psychiatry reports · 2020Review
- Longitudinal trends in the quality, effectiveness and attributes of highly rated smartphone health apps.Evidence-based mental health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNon-adherence to medication is associated with increased risk of relapse in patients with bipolar disorder (BD).
objectivesTo (1) validate patient-evaluated adherence to medication measured via smartphones against validated adherence questionnaire; and (2) investigate characteristics for adherence to medication measured via smartphones.
methodsPatients with BD (n=117) evaluated adherence to medication daily for 6-9 months via smartphones. The Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) and the Rogers' Empowerment questionnaires were filled out. The 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the Young Mania Rating Scale and the Functional Assessment Short Test were clinically rated. Data were collected multiple times per patient. The present study represents exploratory pooled reanalyses of data collected as part of two randomised controlled trials.
findingsDuring the study 90.50% of the days were evaluated as 'medication taken', 6.91% as 'medication taken with changes' and 2.59% as 'medication not taken'. Adherence to medication measured via smartphones was valid compared with the MARS (B: -0.049, 95% CI -0.095 to -0.003, p=0.033). Younger age and longer illness duration were significant predictors for non-adherence to medication (model concerning age: B: 0.0039, 95% CI 0.00019 to 0.0076, p=0.040). Decreased affective symptoms measured with smartphone-based patient-reported mood and clinical ratings as well as decreased empowerment were associated with non-adherence.
conclusionsSmartphone-based monitoring of adherence to medication was valid compared with validated adherence questionnaire. Younger age and longer illness duration were predictors for non-adherence. Increased empowerment was associated with adherence. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Using smartphones for empowerment of adherence using patient-reported measures may be helpful in everyday clinical settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT01446406 and NCT02221336.
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Registered trials
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