ArticleBMC infectious diseases2020
Prevalence of syphilis in female sex workers in three countryside cities of the state of Pará, Brazilian Amazon.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and associated factors of syphilis among female sex workers in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- [Risk factors for the acquisition of Sexually Transmitted Infections in sex workers: a systematic review].Revista espanola de salud publica · 2024Pooled it
- Discrepant treponemal test results: Identification of associated risk factors through machine learning technology in 18-year electronic medical records and national claims data.Biomedical journal · 2026Article
- Epidemiological Profile and Risk Factors Related to Sexually Transmitted Infections in Sex Workers in Granada (Spain).Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2025Article
- Uptake of the hepatitis B vaccine among brothel-based female sex workers in Kampala, Uganda.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Exposure toPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Pakistan's HIV high-risk populations: Critical appraisal of failure to curtail spread beyond key populations.IJID regions · 2024Review
- Assessment of prevalence and risk factors associated with Hepatitis B virus infection among blood donors in Mogadishu Somalia.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Social and individual vulnerability factors associated with syphilis among populations living on islands in the Brazilian Amazon.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Social and structural determinants associated with the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among female commercial sex workers in Dhaka City, Bangladesh.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Prevalence of syphilis and associated factors among female sex workers in Ethiopia: findings from a multilevel analysis of a national bio-behavioral survey.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, Syphilis and Associated Factors Among Female Sex Workers in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia.Infection and drug resistance · 2022Article
- Article
- Treponema pallidum in female sex workers from the Brazilian Marajó Archipelago: prevalence, risk factors, drug-resistant mutations and coinfections.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2021Article
- Review
- Investigating the contributing factors to HIV/AIDS infection from the perspective of HIV-infected patients.BMC psychology · 2021Article
- Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 and HTLV-1/2 Among Female Sex Workers in Four Cities in the State of Para, Northern Brazil.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSyphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) transmitted from person to person mainly by sexual intercourse or through vertical transmission during pregnancy. Female sex workers (FSWs) are exposed especially to syphilis infection, and besides all the efforts to control the spread of STIs, syphilis prevalence is still rising, mainly occurring in low-income countries. This study aimed to investigate the syphilis prevalence, demographic characteristics and sexual habits among FSWs in the Amazon region of Brazil.
methodsA cross-sectional study was carried out including 184 FSWs from 3 countryside cities of the state of Pará, Amazon region of Brazil. A venereal disease research laboratory test and an indirect immunoenzyme assay to test antibodies against Treponema pallidum were used for screening syphilis infection, while sexual habits and demographic data information were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed comparing groups with/without syphilis. Poisson regression models were used to estimate the reasons of prevalence (RP).
resultsThe overall prevalence of syphilis was 14.1% (95% CI = 9.8-17.8). FSWs had between 15 and 56 years of age, most were unmarried (65.7%), had attended less than 8 years of formal education (64.1%), had between 10 and 20 partners per week (64.1%), and reported no previous history of STIs (76.1%) and regular use of condom (52.7%). Low level of education attending up to the primary school (RP adjusted = 3.8; 95% CI = 1.4-9.2) and high frequency of anal sex during the past year (RP adjusted = 9.3; 95% CI = 3.5-28.7) were associated with a higher prevalence of syphilis.
conclusionsA high prevalence of syphilis among FSWs in the Brazilian Amazon region was identified, showing that syphilis is more likely to be transmitted in FSW working in low-income areas, which is attributed to the low level of education. Anal intercourse was found as a risk factor associated with syphilis. Health programs focused on risk populations appear as a rational way to control syphilis spread, which is a rising problem in Brazil and in other several countries.
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