ArticleAutophagy2021
Mechanistic dissection of macro- and micronucleophagy.
Article in Autophagy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed.
- Functional diversification across yeast lineages of the nucleus-vacuole junction forming protein Nvj1.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The autophagic and non-autophagic functions of theAutophagy · 2026Article
- Nuclear Microautophagy Drives Vacuolar Targeting of Yeast Iron-Regulated Proteins During Lipid and Iron Limitation.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- Micronuclei: origins, assays, mechanisms, diseases and treatments.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Microautophagy: definition, classification, and the complexity of the underlying mechanisms.Autophagy · 2026Review
- Microautophagy: current understanding of its molecular mechanisms and functions.Autophagy reports · 2026Review
- A quantitative ultrastructural timeline of nuclear autophagy reveals a role for dynamin-like protein 1 at the nuclear envelope.Nature cell biology · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular diseases in the elderly: possibilities for modulating autophagy using non-coding RNAs.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Autophagy in the lung: guardian of homeostasis or driver of disease.Autophagy reports · 2025Review
- Macronucleophagy maintains cell viability under nitrogen starvation by modulating micronucleophagy.Nature communications · 2024Article
- A quantitative ultrastructural timeline of nuclear autophagy reveals a role for dynamin-like protein 1 at the nuclear envelope.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Nuclear envelope budding: Getting large macromolecular complexes out of the nucleus.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2024Article
- Nuclear envelope budding and its cellular functions.Nucleus (Austin, Tex.) · 2023Article
- Types of Cell Death from a Molecular Perspective.Biology · 2023Review
- Article
- Topology and Function of theCells · 2023Article
- A Yeast Mitotic Tale for the Nucleus and the Vacuoles to Embrace.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Autophagy genes in biology and disease.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2023Review
- The emerging mechanisms and functions of microautophagy.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2023Review
- Fate of micronuclei and micronucleated cells after treatment of HeLa cells with different genotoxic agents.Archives of toxicology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nucleophagy, the mechanism for autophagic degradation of nuclear material, occurs in both a macro- and micronucleophagic manner. Upon nitrogen deprivation, we observed, in an in-depth fluorescence microscopy study, the formation of micronuclei: small parts of superfluous nuclear components surrounded by perinuclear ER. We identified two types of micronuclei associated with a corresponding autophagic mode. Our results showed that macronucleophagy degraded these smaller micronuclei. Engulfed in Atg8-positive phagophores and containing cargo receptor Atg39, macronucleophagic structures revealed finger-like extensions when observed in 3-dimensional reconstitutions of fluorescence microscopy images, suggesting directional growth. Interestingly, in the late stages of phagophore elongation, the adjacent vacuolar membrane showed a reduction of integral membrane protein Pho8. This change in membrane composition could indicate the formation of a specialized vacuolar domain, required for autophagosomal fusion. Significantly larger micronuclei formed at nucleus vacuole junctions and were identified as a substrate of piecemeal microautophagy of the nucleus (PMN), by the presence of the integral membrane protein Nvj1. Micronuclei sequestered by vacuolar invaginations also contained Atg39. A detailed investigation revealed that both Atg39 and Atg8 accumulated between the vacuolar tips. These findings suggest a role for Atg39 in micronucleophagy. Indeed, following the degradation of Nvj1, an exclusive substrate of PMN, in immunoblots, we could confirm the essential role of Atg39 for PMN. Our study thus details the involvement of Atg8 in both macronucleophagy and PMN and identifies Atg39 as the general cargo receptor for nucleophagic processes.
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