ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2020
A Hybrid Speller Design Using Eye Tracking and SSVEP Brain-Computer Interface.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Fatigue factors and fatigue indices in SSVEP-based brain-computer interfaces: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2023Pooled it
- A Cheonjiin Layout Mental Speller: Developing a Simple and Cost-Effective EEG-Based Brain-Computer Interface System.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Rewiring Attention: Virtual Reality and Brain-Computer Interfaces in the Rehabilitation of Unilateral Spatial Neglect.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Virtual reality mediated brain-computer interface training improves sensorimotor neuromodulation in unimpaired and post spinal cord injury individuals.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Online Compensation of Systematic Effects in Stimuli Generation for XR-Based SSVEP BCIs.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Supporting effective alternative access for individuals with physical disabilities: state of the science, emerging technologies, and future research directions.Augmentative and alternative communication (Baltimore, Md. : 1985) · 2025Review
- Recent applications of EEG-based brain-computer-interface in the medical field.Military Medical Research · 2025Review
- Hybrid BCI for Meal-Assist Robot Using Dry-Type EEG and Pupillary Light Reflex.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A high-performance general computer cursor control scheme based on a hybrid BCI combining motor imagery and eye-tracking.iScience · 2024Article
- Feasibility of Computerized Visuomotor Integration System for Visual Field Defects and Spatial Neglect in Poststroke Patients.Annals of rehabilitation medicine · 2024Article
- Assistance Device Based on SSVEP-BCI Online to Control a 6-DOF Robotic Arm.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A method for synchronized use of EEG and eye tracking in fully immersive VR.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2024Article
- Advancements in brain-computer interfaces for the rehabilitation of unilateral spatial neglect: a concise review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- State-of-the-Art on Brain-Computer Interface Technology.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Non-invasive EEG-based BCI spellers from the beginning to today: a mini-review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2023Review
- A robotic arm control system with simultaneous and sequential modes combining eye-tracking with steady-state visual evoked potential in virtual reality environment.Frontiers in neurorobotics · 2023Article
- Cross-Platform Implementation of an SSVEP-Based BCI for the Control of a 6-DOF Robotic Arm.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- EEG hybrid brain-computer interfaces: A scoping review applying an existing hybrid-BCI taxonomy and considerations for pediatric applications.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Article
- Enhancing Detection of SSMVEP Induced by Action Observation Stimuli Based on Task-Related Component Analysis.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Brain-Computer Interface Speller Based on Steady-State Visual Evoked Potential: A Review Focusing on the Stimulus Paradigm and Performance.Brain sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) have been extensively utilized to develop brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) due to the advantages of robustness, large number of commands, high classification accuracies, and information transfer rates (ITRs). However, the use of several simultaneous flickering stimuli often causes high levels of user discomfort, tiredness, annoyingness, and fatigue. Here we propose to design a stimuli-responsive hybrid speller by using electroencephalography (EEG) and video-based eye-tracking to increase user comfortability levels when presented with large numbers of simultaneously flickering stimuli. Interestingly, a canonical correlation analysis (CCA)-based framework was useful to identify target frequency with a 1 s duration of flickering signal. Our proposed BCI-speller uses only six frequencies to classify forty-eight targets, thus achieve greatly increased ITR, whereas basic SSVEP BCI-spellers use an equal number of frequencies to the number of targets. Using this speller, we obtained an average classification accuracy of 90.35 ± 3.597% with an average ITR of 184.06 ± 12.761 bits per minute in a cued-spelling task and an ITR of 190.73 ± 17.849 bits per minute in a free-spelling task. Consequently, our proposed speller is superior to the other spellers in terms of targets classified, classification accuracy, and ITR, while producing less fatigue, annoyingness, tiredness and discomfort. Together, our proposed hybrid eye tracking and SSVEP BCI-based system will ultimately enable a truly high-speed communication channel.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.