ArticleSexually transmitted diseases2020
Vaginal Microbiota and Mucosal Immune Markers in Women With Vulvovaginal Discomfort.
Article in Sexually transmitted diseases, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05478746 (Effects of Flourish HEC Vaginal Care System on Reduction of Pain in Women With Localized Provoked Vulvodynia), which is not on this map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Flourish HEC Vaginal Care System on Reduction of Pain in Women With Localized Provoked Vulvodynia
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- molBV reveals immune landscape of bacterial vaginosis and predicts human papillomavirus infection natural history.Nature communications · 2022Trial
- Association between postmenopausal vulvovaginal discomfort, vaginal microbiota, and mucosal inflammation.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2021Trial
- Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives in vulvodynia: From current evidence to future investigations.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Review
- StrainFacts accurately quantifies both endogenous and live biotherapeutic product strain abundances in simulated and clinical vaginal microbiota samples.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Comparison of bacterial vaginosis symptoms reported in social media vs. those reported by patients.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2025Article
- Uterine fibroids and longitudinal profiles of the vaginal microbiota in a cohort presenting for transvaginal ultrasound.PloS one · 2024Article
- Article
- Comparison of vaginal microbiota between women with inflammatory bowel disease and healthy controls.PloS one · 2023Article
- Cysteine dependence of Lactobacillus iners is a potential therapeutic target for vaginal microbiota modulation.Nature microbiology · 2022Article
- Vulvodynia associated with vulvovaginal microbiome: Neglected due to the COVID-19 pandemic?Ethics, medicine, and public health · 2022Article
- The Vaginal Microbiome: III. The Vaginal Microbiome in Various Urogenital Disorders.Journal of lower genital tract disease · 2022Article
- Bacterial Communities Associated With Abnormal Nugent Score in Postmenopausal Versus Premenopausal Women.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUp to 30% of women with vaginal symptoms are not assigned a diagnosis after standard diagnostic assessment.
methodsWe compared premenopausal women with idiopathic vaginitis (IV) or vulvodynia (VVD) to healthy controls. Microbiota were characterized using rRNA sequencing. Cytokines/chemokines (IL-10, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-2, IL-18, IL-4, IL-9, and IL-13) were measured in vaginal lavage fluid using the Meso Scale Discovery platform or ELISA (IL-1ra). Immunoglobulins were measured in vaginal lavage fluid using a bead-based immunoassay (Millipore). Cases and controls were compared using Kruskal-Wallis, analysis of variance, and linear regression or (for microbiome composition) the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity statistic.
resultsWe compared 20 women with IV, 30 with VVD, and 52 controls. Most (80%) had greater than 90% 16S rRNA gene sequences from Lactobacillus crispatus, L. jensenii, L. gasseri, or L. iners. In analyses adjusted for age and hormonal contraception (HC), Gardnerella vaginalis was less prevalent and abundant in women with VVD (2/30, 7%) versus controls (16/52, 31%) or IV (5/20, 25%) (P = 0.030). Bray-Curtis dissimilarity was not significantly different between IV and controls or VVD. Fungal sequences were only detected in 5 participants: 2 control, 1 IV, 2 VVD. In univariate analysis, cytokines were not associated with diagnosis. Median vaginal concentration of IgE (but not other immunoglobulins) was lower in women with VVD (P = 0.006).
conclusionsMinimal differences in vaginal microbiota and inflammatory markers between women with IV, VVD or controls suggest no striking association between vaginal bacteria, fungi or inflammation and diagnosis in these women.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.