ReviewSleep medicine2020
Frequency and outcomes of primary central sleep apnea in a population-based study.
Review in Sleep medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Untreated obstructive sleep apnea and accelerated cognitive decline over 10 years.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Using observational data to investigate cognitive outcomes of obstructive sleep apnea treatment: a scoping review.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- Supine sleep position and angina frequency: an analysis from the sleep heart health study.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2025Article
- Central Sleep Apnea in Adults: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Diagnosis and Management-A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Impact of sleep apnea on alzheimer's disease in relation to sex: an 8-year longitudinal follow-up study of a nationwide cohort.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Article
- Association Between Central Sleep Apnea and Left Atrial Enlargement in Snoring Patients with Preserved Ejection Fraction.Nature and science of sleep · 2025Article
- Central sleep apnoea: not just one phenotype.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2024Review
- Article
- Contribution of central sleep apnea to severe sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2023Article
- A Novel Portable Real-Time Low-Cost Sleep Apnea Monitoring System based on the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) Network.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2022Article
- Review
- Transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation to treat idiopathic central sleep apnea.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2020Article
- Is idiopathic central sleep apnea a separate entity?Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrimary central sleep apnea (PCSA) is believed to be rare and data regarding its prevalence and long-term outcomes are sparse. We used the Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP) resources to identify all Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents with an incident diagnosis of PCSA and their clinical outcomes.
methodsWe searched the REP database for all residents with polysomnography (PSG)-confirmed diagnoses of central sleep apnea (CSA) between 2007 and 2015. From these, we reviewed the PSGs and medical records to find those who had PCSA based upon accepted diagnostic criteria. Data based on detailed review of the medical records, including all clinical notes and tests were recorded for analysis.
resultsOf 650 patients identified with CSA, 25 (3.8%; 23 male) had PCSA, which was severe in most patients (n = 16, 64%). Of those, 23 (92%) patients were prescribed and 18/23 (78.2%) adherent to positive airway pressure therapy. Median duration of follow-up was 4.4 years (IQR:4.2). Four (16%) patients were subsequently diagnosed with cardiac arrhythmias, one (4%) with unstable angina, two (8%) with heart failure, five (20%) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/dementia and two (8%) with depression. Six (25%) patients died (median time to death = 5 years; IQR:4.8), three of whom had Lewy body dementia.
conclusionsIn this population-based study, PCSA was rare and when present, was severe in a majority of patients. The mortality rate was high. Most frequently observed disorders during follow-up were mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/dementia followed by cardiac arrhythmias; it is possible that these entities were present and not recognized prior to the diagnosis of PCSA.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.