ArticlePilot and feasibility studies2020
Designing integrated interventions to improve nutrition and WASH behaviors in Kenya.
Article in Pilot and feasibility studies, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Behavioural factors influencing hand hygiene practices across domestic, institutional and public community settings: a systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis.BMJ global health · 2025Pooled it
- Prevention of human exposure to livestock faecal waste in the household: a scoping study of interventions conducted in sub-Saharan Africa.BMC public health · 2023Pooled it
- Impact of a demand-side integrated WASH and nutrition community-based care group intervention on behavioural change: a randomised controlled trial in western Kenya.BMJ global health · 2020Trial
- Implementing a climate-resilient and inclusive WASH guidance in Indonesia: A mixed-methods case study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Translating Formative Research into Intervention Content: Experiences with Face Washing for Trachoma Control in Rural Ethiopia.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Core Principles and Practices for the Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of Social and Behavior Change for Nutrition in Low- and Middle-Income Contexts with Special Applications for Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture.Current developments in nutrition · 2024Review
- Article
- Safe infant feeding in healthcare facilities: Assessment of infection prevention and control conditions and behaviors in India, Malawi, and Tanzania.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Determinants of food preparation and hygiene practices among caregivers of children under two in Western Kenya: a formative research study.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Application of the Capabilities, Opportunities, Motivations, and Behavior (COM-B) Change Model to Formative Research for Child Nutrition in Western Kenya.Current developments in nutrition · 2022Article
- Making programmes worth their salt: Assessing the context, fidelity and outcomes of implementation of the double fortified salt programme in Uttar Pradesh, India.Maternal & child nutrition · 2022Article
- Progress towards achieving child survival goals in Kenya after devolution: Geospatial analysis with scenario-based projections, 2015-2025.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Water Security and Nutrition: Current Knowledge and Research Opportunities.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Review
- Article
- Formative research for the development of baby water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions for young children in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (REDUCE program).BMC public health · 2021Article
- Multi-Sectoral Participatory Design of a BabyWASH Playspace for Rural Ethiopian Households.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2021Article
- Practices and Perspectives on Latrine Use, Child Feces Disposal, and Clean Play Environments in Western Kenya.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Article
- A hierarchical Bayesian Belief Network model of household water treatment behaviour in a suburban area: A case study of Palu-Indonesia.PloS one · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChild stunting, an indicator of chronic malnutrition, is a global public health problem. Malnutrition during pregnancy and the first 2 years of life undermines the survival, growth, and development of children. Exposure to fecal pathogens vis-à-vis inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) has been implicated in the etiology of child stunting, highlighting the need to integrate WASH with nutrition-sensitive interventions to comprehensively address this complex problem. The aim of this study was to describe a systematic, theoretically informed approach (that drew from the Starr and Fornoff approach to the Theory of Change development and the Behavior Change Wheel approach) to design a multi-component and integrated social and behavior change intervention to improve WASH and nutrition-related behaviors in western Kenya.
methodsThis intervention was developed to be integrated into an existing project that utilized the care group model and aimed to create a culture of care and support for HIV/AIDS-affected children under two and their caregivers and was executed by local partners. We tested the newly created intervention packages in user-testing trials using an adapted Trials of Improved Practices approach to pilot acceptability and feasibility.
resultsUsing authentic stakeholder engagement and relevant theories, we conducted an 8-step process: (1) conduct mixed methods formative research, (2) prioritize target behaviors, (3) use causal analysis to create problem trees, (4) develop solution trees and articulate assumptions and rationales for change, (5) link solution trees to intervention functions, (6) develop the intervention plan, (7) create the intervention packages, and (8) test and refine the intervention packages.
conclusionsThis study highlights the need to take a multi-sectorial, integrated approach that integrates contextually relevant behavior change theories with the experiential knowledge gleaned from stakeholders into the design of interventions that seek to reduce child stunting. This process resulted in the creation of intervention packages that grouped behaviors thematically to be most relevant and responsive to the population context. This work has the potential to make important contributions towards achievement of the United Nations' sustainable development goals.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.