ArticleNature biotechnology2020
Evaluation and minimization of Cas9-independent off-target DNA editing by cytosine base editors.
Article in Nature biotechnology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 317 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
317 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 439 citations in OpenAlex.
- CRISPR for cystic fibrosis: Advances and insights from a systematic review.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Base Editing: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Applications.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2027Review
- Translating base editors: a decade of progress from the bench to the clinic.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- Precision base-editing of the cryptic 3' acceptor site to correct the RNA splicing defect of βMolecular biomedicine · 2026Article
- Next-generation CAR-T cell therapy against cancer: precision engineering, programmable immunity, and emerging clinical frontiers.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2026Review
- Lipid nanoparticles optimized for large RNA cargo and tissue targeting enhance in vivo genome editing.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- Editing around the target: epitope engineering to protect stem cell grafts.Blood advances · 2026Review
- Article
- Base editing for precision therapeutics.Cell genomics · 2026Review
- Gene editing of hematopoietic stem cells: applications and advances.International journal of hematology · 2026Review
- Beneficial bystander-enhanced cryptic splice rescue of cardiac-type Fabry GLA IVS4+919G>A by adenine base editing in patient fibroblasts.Gene therapy · 2026Article
- Engineering editopes through programmable RNA editing toward tumor neoantigen generation.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- Compact 9dBEs Enable Efficient and Precise Genome Editing in Mammalian Cells and In Vivo.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Genome-wide CRISPR screening identifies cellular factors controlling nonviral genome editing efficiency.Nature communications · 2026Article
- A self-iterative orthogonal base-editing platform enables multiplex N-to-N diversification and genome-scale functional screening in Escherichia coli.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Precise dual-gene knockout of MSTN and SOCS2 via cytidine base editing enhances muscling and growth in goats.Functional & integrative genomics · 2026Article
- Article
- Review
- High-diversity base mutagenesis via simultaneous adenine, cytosine and guanine editing.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Incorporating AI-optimized zinc finger proteins enhances the efficiencies and targeting ranges of miniature base editors.Nature communications · 2026Article
257 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cytosine base editors (CBEs) enable targeted C•G-to-T•A conversions in genomic DNA. Recent studies report that BE3, the original CBE, induces a low frequency of genome-wide Cas9-independent off-target C•G-to-T•A mutation in mouse embryos and in rice. Here we develop multiple rapid, cost-effective methods to screen the propensity of different CBEs to induce Cas9-independent deamination in Escherichia coli and in human cells. We use these assays to identify CBEs with reduced Cas9-independent deamination and validate via whole-genome sequencing that YE1, a narrowed-window CBE variant, displays background levels of Cas9-independent off-target editing. We engineered YE1 variants that retain the substrate-targeting scope of high-activity CBEs while maintaining minimal Cas9-independent off-target editing. The suite of CBEs characterized and engineered in this study collectively offer ~10-100-fold lower average Cas9-independent off-target DNA editing while maintaining robust on-target editing at most positions targetable by canonical CBEs, and thus are especially promising for applications in which off-target editing must be minimized.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.