ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2020
Population-based RNA profiling in Add Health finds social disparities in inflammatory and antiviral gene regulation to emerge by young adulthood.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Socioeconomic Inequalities and Molecular Risk for Aging in Young Adulthood.American journal of epidemiology · 2023Pooled it
- Circulating Type I Interferon Levels and COVID-19 Severity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- An extraverted behavior intervention improves immune gene expression.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Trial
- Daily heart rate variability biofeedback training decreases locus coeruleus MRI contrast in younger adults in a randomized clinical trial.International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology · 2023Trial
- Remission of insomnia in older adults treated with cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) reduces p16GeroScience · 2023Trial
- High-Intensity interval training reduces transcriptomic age: A randomized controlled trial.Aging cell · 2023Trial
- Discrimination and C-reactive protein across the life course: Findings from three national US cohorts.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Differential expression of lymphocyte markers by neighborhood opportunity among US adults: Insights from the Midlife in the United States study.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Perceived everyday discrimination and leukocyte gene expression in a nationally representative sample of U.S. Adults.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- IBS stress reactivity phenotype is associated with blood transcriptome profiles and microstructural and functional brain changes.Neurobiology of stress · 2026Article
- Early Life Stress Effects on Children's Biology, Behavior, and Health: Evidence, Mediators, Moderators, and Solutions.Annual review of psychology · 2026Review
- Inflammation and dimensions of fatigue in women with early stage breast cancer: A longitudinal examination.Cancer · 2025Article
- Parasympathetic nervous activity and CTRA gene expression among healthy young adults in Japan.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Trauma writing reduces conserved transcriptional response to adversity (CTRA) gene expression: A culturally adapted pilot study.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2025Article
- Proinflammatory gene expression is associated with prospective risk for adolescent suicidal thoughts and behaviors over twelve months.Development and psychopathology · 2025Article
- Article
- High-BMI-related low back pain in China: a GBD-based observational study on sex-age trends and projections (1990-2021).European journal of medical research · 2025Observational
- Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels in a Cohort of Health Care Workers Before and After the Omicron Wave in Canada.Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada = Journal officiel de l'Association pour la microbiologie medicale et l'infectiologie Canada · 2025Article
- Preliminary evaluation of a mindfulness intervention program in women with long COVID dysautonomia symptoms.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Transcriptomic markers of biological aging in breast cancer survivors: a longitudinal study.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2025Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Health in later life varies significantly by individual demographic characteristics such as age, sex, and race/ethnicity, as well as by social factors including socioeconomic status and geographic region. This study examined whether sociodemographic variations in the immune and inflammatory molecular underpinnings of chronic disease might emerge decades earlier in young adulthood. Using data from 1,069 young adults from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health)-the largest nationally representative and ethnically diverse sample with peripheral blood transcriptome profiles-we analyzed variation in the expression of genes involved in inflammation and type I interferon (IFN) response as a function of individual demographic factors, sociodemographic conditions, and biobehavioral factors (smoking, drinking, and body mass index). Differential gene expression was most pronounced by sex, race/ethnicity, and body mass index (BMI), but transcriptome correlates were identified for every demographic dimension analyzed. Inflammation-related gene expression showed the most pronounced variation as a function of biobehavioral factors (BMI and smoking) whereas type I IFN-related transcripts varied most strongly as a function of individual demographic characteristics (sex and race/ethnicity). Bioinformatic analyses of transcription factor and immune-cell activation based on transcriptome-wide empirical differences identified additional effects of family poverty and geographic region. These results identify pervasive sociodemographic differences in immune-cell gene regulation that emerge by young adulthood and may help explain social disparities in the development of chronic illness and premature mortality at older ages.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.