ReviewInfection and immunity2020
For the Greater (Bacterial) Good: Heterogeneous Expression of Energetically Costly Virulence Factors.
Review in Infection and immunity, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Perturbing H-NS function reveals roles in restricting virulence heterogeneity and pathogen adaptation.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Regulator-derived growth and fitness costs ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Perturbing H-NS function reveals roles in restricting virulence heterogeneity and pathogen adaptation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Directed evolution of phages in biofilms enhances Pseudomonas aeruginosa control through improved lipopolysaccharide recognition.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Pyrimidine sufficiency is required for Sae two-component system signaling inJournal of bacteriology · 2025Article
- Single-cell RNA-seq reveals a key role forFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Dynamic microfluidic single-cell screening identifies pheno-tuning compounds to potentiate tuberculosis therapy.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Curcumin I-SMA nanomicelles as promising therapeutic tool to tackle bacterial infections.RSC advances · 2023Article
- Probe-based bacterial single-cell RNA sequencing predicts toxin regulation.Nature microbiology · 2023Article
- ToxT Regulon Is Nonessential for Vibrio cholerae Colonization in Adult Mice.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2022Article
- Long Chain Fatty Acids and Virulence Repression in Intestinal Bacterial Pathogens.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Intercellular communication and social behaviors in mycobacteria.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Microbiota-derived metabolites inhibitProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Bacterial populations are phenotypically heterogeneous, which allows subsets of cells to survive and thrive following changes in environmental conditions. For bacterial pathogens, changes within the host environment occur over the course of the immune response to infection and can result in exposure to host-derived, secreted antimicrobials or force direct interactions with immune cells. Many recent studies have shown host cell interactions promote virulence factor expression, forcing subsets of bacterial cells to battle the host response, while other bacteria reap the benefits of this pacification. It still remains unclear whether virulence factor expression is truly energetically costly within host tissues and whether expression is sufficient to impact the growth kinetics of virulence factor-expressing cells. However, it is clear that slow-growing subsets of bacteria emerge during infection and that these subsets are particularly difficult to eliminate with antibiotics. This minireview will focus on our current understanding of heterogenous virulence factor expression and discuss the evidence that supports or refutes the hypothesis that virulence factor expression is linked to slowed growth and antibiotic tolerance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.