ArticleBMC infectious diseases2020
Hydroxychloroquine may reduce risk of Pneumocystis pneumonia in lupus patients: a Nationwide, population-based case-control study.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- II Brazilian Society of Rheumatology consensus for lupus nephritis diagnosis and treatment.Advances in rheumatology (London, England) · 2024Guideline
- The risk of infections in adult patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: systematic review and meta-analysis.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2021Pooled it
- Clinical practice pattern of Pneumocystis pneumonia prophylaxis in systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional study from lupus registry of nationwide institutions (LUNA).Arthritis research & therapy · 2024Article
- Prognostic analysis of concurrent Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a retrospective study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Hydroxychloroquine an Antimalarial Drug, Exhibits Potent Antifungal Efficacy Against Candida albicans Through Multitargeting.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2024Article
- Hydroxychloroquine in nephrology: current status and future directions.Journal of nephrology · 2023Review
- Trends in the Epidemiology ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Protective effect of hydroxychloroquine on infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: an observational study using the LUNA registry.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Observational
- Co-InfectionInfection and drug resistance · 2023Article
- Hydroxychloroquine in systemic lupus erythematosus: overview of current knowledge.Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease · 2022Review
- Impact of systemic lupus erythematosus on the 5-year survival of critically ill septic patients.Arthritis research & therapy · 2021Article
- Screening of Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine and its derivatives for their binding affinity to multiple SARS-CoV-2 protein drug targets.Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics · 2021Article
- Can endolysosomal deacidification and inhibition of autophagy prevent severe COVID-19?Life sciences · 2020Review
- Identifying rheumatic disease patients at high risk and requiring shielding during the COVID-19 pandemic.Clinical medicine (London, England) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is increasingly being diagnosed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been found to possess antifungal activities. We hence aimed to investigate the association between HCQ and PCP risk among patients with SLE.
methodsUsing the 1997-2013 nationwide claim data, we identified 24,343 newly-diagnosed SLE patients. We then identified 58 PCP cases and selected 348 non-PCP controls matching (1:6) by age, sex, disease duration and the year of PCP diagnosis date. The risk of PCP was assessed by determing odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by using multivariable conditional logistic regression.
resultsThe risk of PCP was associated with moderate to severe renal disease (OR 6.73, 95% CI 1.98-22.92), higher doses of glucocorticoids (≤5 mg/day, reference; 5-10 mg/day, OR 25.88, 95% CI 2.97-225.33; > 10 mg/day, OR 286.58, 95% CI 28.58-> 999), higher 3-month cumulative dose of cyclophosphamide (not use, reference; ≤1.4 g, OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.14-3.01; > 1.4 g, OR 11.52, 95% CI 1.97-67.39) and use of mycophenolate mofetil/mycophenolic acid (OR 50.79, 95% CI 5.32-484.77), whereas 3-month cumulative dose of HCQ was associated with a reduced risk of PCP among patients with SLE (not use, reference; ≤14 g, OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.21-2.24; > 14 g, OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.05-0.71).
conclusionsThis study demonstrated incident PCP was associated with mycophenolate mofetil/mycophenolic acid use and higher doses of cyclophosphamide or glucocorticoid, whereas the use of a higher dose of HCQ was associated with a reduced risk of PCP in lupus patients.
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