ReviewJournal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology2020
Where Have the Periods Gone? The Evaluation and Management of Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea
Review in Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Low Energy Availability and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Pooled it
- Primary functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea in the context of feeding and eating disorders or excessive exercise: Insights from non-athletic and elite athletic populations.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Review
- Associations of academic performance, sports participation, disordered eating and menstrual cycle irregularities in adolescents: a population-based study.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2026Article
- Metabolic and Endocrine Alterations in Underweight and Normal-Weight Women with Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- An Evidence-Based Approach to the Management of Primary Ovarian Insufficiency in Adolescents and Young Women.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Assessing Obstetrics and Gynecology (OBGYN) Clinicians' Knowledge, Practice, and Attitudes toward Anorexia Nervosa, Atypical Anorexia Nervosa, and Amenorrhea.Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology · 2025Article
- Identification of genetic variants in patients with primary and secondary amenorrhea.Saudi medical journal · 2025Article
- What do we know about abnormally low prolactin levels in polycystic ovary syndrome? A narrative review.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2024Review
- Chorio-retinal vessel density in women affected by functional hypothalamic amenorrhea: a monocentric observational cross-sectional study to evaluate the impact of hypoestrogenism on chorio-retinal vascularization.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Observational
- Dietary and Lifestyle Management of Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea: A Comprehensive Review.Nutrients · 2024Review
- The Role of Glucose, Insulin and Body Fat in Assessment of Bone Mineral Density and Trabecular Bone Score in Women with Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Retrospective Analysis of Effective Management Strategies for Primary Amenorrhea of Reproductive Age in Saudi Arabia.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The impact of COVID-19 on menstrual cycle's alterations, in relation to depression and sleep disturbances: a prospective observational study in a population of medical students.BMC women's health · 2024Observational
- Girls referred for amenorrhea: analysis of a patient series from a specialist center.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- The effects of weight loss-related amenorrhea on women's health and the therapeutic approaches: a narrative review.Annals of translational medicine · 2023Review
- Use of pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in patients with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) results in monofollicular ovulation and high cumulative live birth rates: a 25-year cohort.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2022Article
- Cognition, Behavior, Sexuality, and Autonomic Responses of Women with Hypothalamic Amenorrhea.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Habitual physical activity levels in women attending the one stop infertility clinic: A prospective cross-sectional observational study.Reproduction & fertility · 2022Article
- Nutritional Concerns among Female International Volunteers Based on the Income and Development Status of Their Country of Service.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Has Menstruation Disappeared? Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea-What Is This Story about?Nutrients · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) is a common cause of amenorrhea in adolescent girls. It is often seen in the setting of stress, weight loss, or excessive exercise. FHA is a diagnosis of exclusion. Patients with primary or secondary amenorrhea should be evaluated for other causes of amenorrhea before a diagnosis of FHA can be made. The evaluation typically consists of a thorough history and physical examination as well as endocrinological and radiological investigations. FHA, if prolonged, can have significant impacts on metabolic, bone, cardiovascular, mental, and reproductive health. Management often involves a multidisciplinary approach, with a focus on lifestyle modification. Depending on the severity, pharmacologic therapy may also be considered. The aim of this paper is to present a review on the pathophysiology, clinical findings, diagnosis, and management approaches of FHA in adolescent girls.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.