ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2019
Retrospect and Risk Analysis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in China Based on Integrated Surveillance and Spatial Analysis Tools.
Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spatial epidemiology of lumpy skin disease outbreaks in Thailand: proximity patterns, case concentrations, spatio-temporal clusters, and interpolated case distribution.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Spatial-temporal distribution and risk factors of foot and mouth disease outbreaks in Java Island, Indonesia from 2022 to 2023.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Foot-and-mouth disease in Asia.Virus research · 2025Review
- Spatio-temporal dynamics and distributional trend analysis of African swine fever outbreaks (2020-2021) in North-East India.Tropical animal health and production · 2024Article
- Identifying risk clusters for African swine fever in Korea by developing statistical models.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- A review of foot-and-mouth disease in Ethiopia: epidemiological aspects, economic implications, and control strategies.Virology journal · 2023Review
- The prevalence of foot-and-mouth disease in Asia.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Review
- A scoping review of foot-and-mouth disease risk, based on spatial and spatio-temporal analysis of outbreaks in endemic settings.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2022Article
- Assessment of foot-and-mouth disease risk areas in mainland China based spatial multi-criteria decision analysis.BMC veterinary research · 2021Article
- Risk assessment and integrated surveillance of foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in Russia based on Monte Carlo simulation.BMC veterinary research · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of livestock and seriously affects the development of animal husbandry. It is necessary to defend the spread of FMD. To explore the distribution characteristics and transmission of FMD between 2010 and 2017 in China, Global Moran's I test and Getis-Ord Gi index were used to analyze the spatial cluster. A space-time permutation scan statistic was applied to analyze the spatio-temporal pattern. GIS-based method was employed to create a map representing the distribution pattern, directional trend, and hotspots for each outbreak. The number of cases was defined as the number of animals with FMD for the above analysis. We also constructed a phylogenetic tree to compare the homology and variation of FMD virus (FMDV) to provide a clue for the potential development of an effective vaccine. The results indicated that the FMD outbreaks in China had obvious time patterns and clusters in space and space-time, with the outbreaks concentrated in the first half of each year. The outbreaks of FMD decreased each year from 2010 with an obvious downward trend of hotspots. Spatial analysis revealed that the distribution of FMD outbreaks in 2010, 2015, and 2017 exhibited a clustered pattern. Space-time scanning revealed that the spatio-temporal clusters were centered in Guangdong, Tibet and the junction of Wuhan, Jiangxi, Anhui. Comparison of the spatial analysis and space-time analysis of FMD outbreaks revealed that Guangdong was the same cluster of the two in 2010. In addition, the directional trend analysis indicated that the FMD transmission was oriented northwest-southeast. The findings demonstrated that FMDV in China can be divided into three pedigrees and the homology of these strains is very high while comparing the first FMDV strain with the others. The data provide a basis for the effective monitoring and prevention of FMD, and for the development of an FMD vaccine in China.
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