ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2019
Castration of Dogs Using Local Anesthesia After Sedating With Xylazine and Subanesthetic Doses of Ketamine.
Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of self-ligation of the spermatic cord and vas deferens in open orchiectomy of healthy adult crossbreed dogs: clinical assessment, infrared thermography, and inflammatory biomarkers.Acta cirurgica brasileira · 2026Article
- Protective Role of Octreotide in Acute and Chronic Lung Injuries.International journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- Tears and saliva as alternative matrices for minimally invasive assessment of acute stress and pain in sheep.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Impact of autologous platelet-rich plasma used for treatment of oligozoospermia in dogs on the quality of semen and testicular blood flow.Veterinary research communications · 2025Article
- Chemical castration in dogs using calcium chloride: effects on testicular hemodynamics and semen characteristic and serum levels of testosterone.BMC veterinary research · 2024Article
- Effects of Intratesticular Lidocaine in Pet Rabbits Undergoing Orchiectomy.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Male animal sterilization: history, current practices, and potential methods for replacing castration.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Review
- Comparison of spermatic cord ligation and the vas plexus ligation in canine orchiectomy: A prospective clinical study.Veterinary medicine and science · 2023Article
- Treatment and management of Salmonella prostatitis in a heartworm-positive intact male dog: a case report.BMC veterinary research · 2021Article
- Cardiopulmonary (No Ventilation) and Anesthetic Effects of Dexmedetomidine-Tiletamine in Dogs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Orchiectomy is performed in some species using only sedation and local anesthesia to decrease the expense of performing the procedure using general anesthesia. The objective of this study was to determine if dogs can be castrated safely and painlessly by using only sedation and local anesthesia. After dogs were sedated with intramuscularly administered xylazine (1 mg/kg) and subanesthetic ketamine (1 mg/kg), testes and skin were anesthetized with 2% lidocaine (6 mg/kg, total dose) buffered with sodium bicarbonate. Systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures; heart and respiratory rates; and movement scores were determined before and during surgery when manipulations were most likely to cause pain. No dog reacted substantially to injection of the combination of sedatives, and no dog reacted noticeably to injection of lidocaine. During surgery, the average heart rate was reduced from baseline by 40-60 beats per minute, and the average respiratory rate was reduced by ~10 breaths per minute. An overall reduction of arterial blood pressures was observed. All but one dog moved purposely in response to a toe pinch at the end of surgery. We found that sedating dogs intramuscularly with xylazine and a sub-anesthetic dose of ketamine and administering lidocaine at the incision site and intratesticularly allowed dogs to be castrated humanely and avoided the expense of general anesthesia and the need for hospitalization.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.