ArticleInternational journal of medical sciences2020
Alterations of plasma cytokine biomarkers for identifying age at onset of schizophrenia with neurological soft signs.
Article in International journal of medical sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of IL-6/IL-6R axis alterations in serum, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid with the schizophrenia: an updated review and meta-analysis of 58 studies.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2024Pooled it
- Canonical and Non-Canonical Antipsychotics' Dopamine-Related Mechanisms of Present and Next Generation Molecules: A Systematic Review on Translational Highlights for Treatment Response and Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Heterogeneity of composite inflammatory markers in acute schizophrenia: stratification by age, gender, and age at onset.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Serum LBP and zonulin levels with brain MRS findings and gastrointestinal symptoms in schizophrenia and health.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- A dual-marker peripheral signature of IL-6 elevation andActa neuropsychiatrica · 2026Article
- Exploring Primary and Interaction Effects of Minor Physical Anomalies: Development and Validation of Prediction Models Using Explainable Machine Learning Algorithms for Early-Onset Schizophrenia.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Abnormal serum IL-10 and IL-19 levels in childhood- and adolescent-onset schizophrenia: associations with negative symptoms and language function.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Linking Metabolic Disorders and Immune System Phenomena in Schizophrenia: The Role of Adipose Tissue and Inflammation.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Targeting Cytokine-Mediated Inflammation in Brain Disorders: Developing New Treatment Strategies.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- IL-10 (-1082 G/A) polymorphism in Bataknese with schizophrenia.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2024Article
- Alterations in Plasma Lipidomic Profiles in Adult Patients with Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Disorder.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Article
- Cytokine Imbalance as a Biomarker of Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- The Role of Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Several studies have been suggested that immunity plays a part in neurodevelopment and schizophrenia pathogenesis. Early age of onset in schizophrenia is associated with genetic factors which affect neurodevelopment. This study aims to identify immune abnormalities associated with neurodevelopmental impairments in early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) and adult-onset schizophrenia (AOS) patients. We determined the plasma levels of six cytokines (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 and TNF-α) in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Measurements included neurological soft signs (NSS) to distinguish and subgroup those with neurodevelopmental impairments. The study included 210 schizophrenia patients, which were divided into 84 EOS and 126 AOS patients, as well as 122 healthy controls. We observed significant differences in levels of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 between EOS and AOS patients. The results demonstrated the area under ROC curve (AUC) of the IL-4 in EOS and healthy controls was 0.81. Moreover, these results indicated that AUC of the IL-4 and the combination of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-12 in EOS with NSS and healthy controls were 0.91 and 0.95. These cytokines are altered in EOS and schizophrenia patients with neurodevelopmental impairments and demonstrated good classification abilities. These findings manifested that both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are contributed to the clinical and pathophysiological features of schizophrenia. Future works are expected to explore potential genetic effectors and predictors as well as therapeutic directions in personalized medicine for early-onset schizophrenia.
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