ArticleJournal of the American Chemical Society2020
Photolabile Linkers: Exploiting Labile Bond Chemistry to Control Mode and Rate of Hydrogel Degradation and Protein Release.
Article in Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed.
- Photo-Responsive Functional Hydrogels: Mechanism, Design, and Application.Chemistry, an Asian journal · 2026Review
- Sequential Patterning of Photoresponsive Hydrogels Directs Crypt Fission and Reveals the Role of Epithelial Curvature on Fission Symmetry.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- BODIPY Photocage-Based Injectable Hydrogel for Light-Controlled Nanoparticle Release.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Article
- Programmable Hydrogels: Frontiers in Dynamic Closed-Loop Systems, Biomimetic Synergy, and Clinical Translation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Photo-Triggered Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel for 3D Culture and Cell Recovery.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2025Article
- On-Demand Photodegradable and Thermo-Reversible, Soft, Transparent Dithioacetal Hydrogels.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025Article
- Recent Developments in Nanoparticle-Hydrogel Hybrid Materials for Controlled Release.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- A Systematic Review of Advances in Plant-Based Phospholipid Liposomes in Breast Cancer Therapy: Characterization, Innovations, Clinical Applications, and Future Directions.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Remote Silyl Groups Enhance Hydrolytic Stability and Photocleavage Efficiency in Carbamates for Protein Release.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025Article
- A Review of the Development of Biopolymer Hydrogel-Based Scaffold Materials for Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering Applications.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Photodegradable polyacrylamide tanglemers enable spatiotemporal control over chain lengthening in high-strength and low-hysteresis hydrogels.Journal of materials chemistry. B · 2025Article
- Synergistic Degradation of Durable Polymer Networks by Light and Acid Enabled by Pyrenylsilicon Crosslinks.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Article
- Biodegradable Natural Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering, Controlled Release, and Soil Remediation.Polymers · 2024Review
- A Spontaneous In Situ Thiol-Ene Crosslinking Hydrogel with Thermo-Responsive Mechanical Properties.Polymers · 2024Article
- Aptamer-Based Smart Targeting and Spatial Trigger-Response Drug-Delivery Systems for Anticancer Therapy.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Structural Determinants of Stimuli-Responsiveness in Amphiphilic Macromolecular Nano-assemblies.Progress in polymer science · 2024Article
- A Facile Synthetic Approach to UV-Degradable Hydrogels.Polymers · 2023Article
- Investigation of the Protective Effect of Extracellular Vesicle miR-124 on Retinal Ganglion Cells Using a Photolabile Paper-Based Chip.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Intracellular Crowding by Bio-Orthogonal Hydrogel Formation Induces Reversible Molecular Stasis.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Photolabile moieties have been utilized in applications ranging from peptide synthesis and controlled protein activation to tunable and dynamic materials. The photochromic properties of nitrobenzyl (NB) based linkers are readily tuned to respond to cytocompatible light doses and are widely utilized in cell culture and other biological applications. While widely utilized, little is known about how the microenvironment, particularly confined aqueous environments (e.g., hydrogels), affects both the mode and rate of cleavage of NB moieties, leading to unpredictable limitations in control over system properties (e.g., rapid hydrolysis or slow photolysis). To address these challenges, we synthesized and characterized the photolysis and hydrolysis of NB moieties containing different labile bonds (i.e., ester, amide, carbonate, or carbamate) that served as labile crosslinks within step-growth hydrogels. We observed that NB ester bond exhibited significant rates of both photolysis and hydrolysis, whereas, importantly, the NB carbamate bond had superior light responsiveness and resistance to hydrolysis within the hydrogel microenvironment. Exploiting this synergy and orthogonality of photolytic and hydrolytic degradation, we designed concentric cylinder hydrogels loaded with different cargoes (e.g., model protein with different fluorophores) for either combinatorial or sequential release, respectively. Overall, this work provides new facile chemical approaches for tuning the degradability of NB linkers and an innovative strategy for the construction of multimodal degradable hydrogels, which can be utilized to guide the design of not only tunable materials platforms but also controlled synthetic protocols or surface modification strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.