SynthesisBritish journal of cancer2020
Combined lifestyle factors, incident cancer, and cancer mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.
Synthesis in British journal of cancer, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 167 papers, 15 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
167 citing papers in PubMed, 15 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 271 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exercise and pathologic complete response to cancer treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of combined lifestyle intervention on cardiometabolic risk in cancer survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Combined healthy lifestyle factors and psychosocial outcomes among cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Bladder cancer risk factors: a comprehensive umbrella review of meta-analyses.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Combined lifestyle factors and metabolic syndrome risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of Education on Nutritional Knowledge of Cancer Prevention based on Health Belief Model: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Pooled it
- Risk factors for gastric cancer: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- EPA guidance on lifestyle interventions for adults with severe mental illness: A meta-review of the evidence.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2024Pooled it
- Combined lifestyle factors on mortality and cardiovascular disease among cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2024Pooled it
- EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD).Obesity facts · 2024Guideline
- Lifestyle Quality Indices and Female Breast Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Pooled it
- The influence of socioeconomic status on the association between unhealthy lifestyle factors and adverse health outcomes: a systematic review.Wellcome open research · 2023Pooled it
- Diet and Risk of Gastric Cancer: An Umbrella Review.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Combined Effect of Healthy Lifestyle Factors and Risks of Colorectal Adenoma, Colorectal Cancer, and Colorectal Cancer Mortality: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome, Healthy Lifestyles, and Risk of Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Healthy lifestyle and cancer risk: a pan-cancer analysis in the UK Biobank prospective cohort.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Sex Steroid Hormone Regulation of T-Cell Function and Antitumor Immunity.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Review
- Bacteriophages in the treatment of cutaneous infections and skin disorders: therapeutic advances and future directions.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Steatotic liver disease trajectory: A holistic EASL guidance on the multidisciplinary approach to screening and patient management.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2026Review
107 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCancer poses a huge disease burden, which could be reduced by adopting healthy lifestyles mainly composed of healthy diet, body weight, physical activity, limited alcohol consumption, and avoidance of smoking. However, no systematic review has summarised the relations of combined lifestyle factors with cancer morbidity and mortality.
methodsEMBASE and PubMed were searched up to April 2019. Cohort studies investigating the association of combined lifestyle factors with risks of incident cancer and cancer mortality were selected. Summary hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models. Heterogeneity and publication bias tests were conducted.
resultsThe HRs (95% CIs) comparing individuals with the healthiest versus the least healthy lifestyles were 0.71 (0.66-0.76; 16 studies with 1.9 million participants) for incident cancer and 0.48 (0.42-0.54; 30 studies with 1.8 million participants) for cancer mortality. Adopting the healthiest lifestyles was also associated with 17 to 58% lower risks of bladder, breast, colon, endometrial, oesophageal, kidney, liver, lung, rectal, and gastric cancer. The relations were largely consistent and significant among participants with different characteristics in the subgroup analyses.
conclusionsAdopting healthy lifestyles is associated with substantial risk reduction in cancer morbidity and mortality, and thus should be given priority for cancer prevention.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.