ReviewThe Journal of hospital infection2020
Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and their inactivation with biocidal agents.
Review in The Journal of hospital infection, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT04723446 (Efficacy of Three Antimicrobial Mouthwashes in Reducing SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in the Saliva of Patients Diagnosed With COVID-19), which is not on this map. Cited by 1,068 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efficacy of Three Antimicrobial Mouthwashes in Reducing SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in the Saliva of Patients Diagnosed With COVID-19: A Pilot Study
Who cites it
1,068 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 3,888 citations in OpenAlex.
- Masks and respirators for prevention of respiratory infections: a state of the science review.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Can ship travel contain COVID-19 outbreak after re-opening: a Bayesian meta-analysis.Epidemiology and infection · 2023Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 persistence and infectivity in COVID-19 corpses: a systematic review.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2023Pooled it
- A systematic review of the advancement on colorimetric nanobiosensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection.Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of 1% HInternational dental journal · 2024Trial
- Efficacy of three antimicrobial mouthwashes in reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the saliva of hospitalized patients: a randomized controlled pilot study.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Effect of Wearing a Face Mask on Hand-to-Face Contact by Children in a Simulated School Environment: The Back-to-School COVID-19 Simulation Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA pediatrics · 2022Trial
- Lot-to-lot consistency, immunogenicity, and safety of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) in healthy adults: A randomized, double-blind, phase IV trial.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Trial
- Ultraviolet-germicidal-irradiation-based reduction of airborne bacteria in pulmonary function test rooms: a quality improvement report.Infection prevention in practice · 2026Article
- Temperature-dependent infectious stability of Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2026Article
- Article
- Preliminary molecular detection of influenza RNA in synanthropic cockroaches from shiraz, Iran.Parasite epidemiology and control · 2026Article
- Assessment of Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 (BoHV-1) Stability and Infectivity on Copper, Zinc, and Stainless Steel Surfaces.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Exploring novel kinetics of automated HMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Morphology-Evolving Colorimetric Thin-Film Sensor for Visual Detection of Hypochlorous Acid.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Establishment and Validation of a Competency-Based Evaluation Indicator System for On-Site Disinfection Service Providers - Shanghai Municipality, China, 2023.China CDC weekly · 2026Article
- Water microdroplet platforms for sustainable, reagent-free viral disinfection.Journal of biological engineering · 2026Article
- Bacteriophage-Based Control of Methicillin-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A narrative review of heterogeneity in SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes and vaccine efficacy: strategizing pandemic preparedness in Africa.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Dental devices and antimicrobial resistance: challenges, innovations, and regulatory compliances.Frontiers in medical technology · 2026Review
1,008 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Currently, the emergence of a novel human coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has become a global health concern causing severe respiratory tract infections in humans. Human-to-human transmissions have been described with incubation times between 2-10 days, facilitating its spread via droplets, contaminated hands or surfaces. We therefore reviewed the literature on all available information about the persistence of human and veterinary coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces as well as inactivation strategies with biocidal agents used for chemical disinfection, e.g. in healthcare facilities. The analysis of 22 studies reveals that human coronaviruses such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus or endemic human coronaviruses (HCoV) can persist on inanimate surfaces like metal, glass or plastic for up to 9 days, but can be efficiently inactivated by surface disinfection procedures with 62-71% ethanol, 0.5% hydrogen peroxide or 0.1% sodium hypochlorite within 1 minute. Other biocidal agents such as 0.05-0.2% benzalkonium chloride or 0.02% chlorhexidine digluconate are less effective. As no specific therapies are available for SARS-CoV-2, early containment and prevention of further spread will be crucial to stop the ongoing outbreak and to control this novel infectious thread.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.