ArticleScientific reports2020
Spirulina maxima extract prevents activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by inhibiting ERK signaling.
Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Photosynthetic microorganisms as an alternative source of thrombolytic compounds: a systematic review.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- Mechanisms of Microglial NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Methylmalonic Acid in Methylmalonic Acidemia.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Article
- Inhibition of free radicals and inflammation on RAW264.7 macrophage cell line by Arthrospira platensis extract.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Assessment of dietary spirulina supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal health in lipopolysaccharide-challenged weanling pigs.Journal of animal science · 2025Article
- The Neuroprotective Role of Cyanobacteria with Focus on the Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Potential: Current Status and Perspectives.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Genome editing ofActa pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2024Article
- Beneficial Effects ofNutrients · 2024Review
- Anti-Glycation Properties of Zinc-EnrichedNutrients · 2024Article
- Comparison of Sodium Selenite and Selenium-Enriched Spirulina Supplementation Effects After Selenium Deficiency on Growth, Tissue Selenium Concentrations, Antioxidant Activities, and Selenoprotein Expression in Rats.Biological trace element research · 2024Article
- CombinedPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Stalling the Course of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Could Cyanobacteria Constitute a New Approach toward Therapy?Biomolecules · 2023Review
- The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Low Molecular Weight Fucoidan fromMarine drugs · 2023Article
- Hypocholesterolemic, Antioxidative, and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of DietaryAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Inhibition of NLRP3 by Fermented Quercetin Decreases Resistin-Induced Chemoresistance to 5-Fluorouracil in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Advances in delivery methods ofBioengineered · 2022Review
- The Antioxidant Effect of Natural Antimicrobials in Shrimp Primary Intestinal Cells Infected withAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Cyanobacteria and Algae-Derived Bioactive Metabolites as Antiviral Agents: Evidence, Mode of Action, and Scope for Further Expansion; A Comprehensive Review in Light of the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Strategies of Targeting Inflammasome in the Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- An evidence of microalgal peptides to target spike protein of COVID-19: In silico approach.Microbial pathogenesis · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The blue-green alga Spirulina maxima is a microscopic filamentous cyanobacterium. Spirulina was recently reported to elicit beneficial effects such as reducing cholesterol and inducing weight loss; however, its effects on inflammation are unknown. To determine the effect of S. maxima extract (SME) on innate immunity, we investigated the NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which is a multiprotein scaffolding complex that plays important roles in innate immune responses to many pathogenic infections in macrophages. SME suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced upregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-12, IL-1β, and IL-18 in RAW264.7 cells. In addition, SME attenuated LPS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and thus pro-IL-1β could not be cleaved to IL-1β by activated caspase-1, which is activated by the NLRP3 inflammasome in RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, SME inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in RAW264.7 cells, and attenuated the generation of ERK1 induced-reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in decreased expression of NF-κB. These findings suggest that SME suppresses the effects of the NLRP3 inflammasome via regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). In summary, we demonstrated that SME prevents activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by inhibiting ERK signaling.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.