ReviewBiological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging2020
Nervous and Endocrine System Dysfunction in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: An Overview and Consideration of Sex as a Biological Variable.
Review in Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neurobiological Alterations in Females With PTSD: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A brain-health framework for PTSD: integrating digital biomarkers into multimodal assessment.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Review
- Psychological Scars and Physical Consequences: Linking PTSD to Cardiovascular Health.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2026Review
- Baseline PTSD and depressive symptoms predict multidimensional recovery after combat-related transtibial amputation: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2026Article
- Self-compassion, self-coldness, and social support and their relationship with depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms following a massive terror attack: a prospective study.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Article
- Associations between PACAP levels and psychophysiological indicators of fear and arousal in adults with posttraumatic stress symptoms.Journal of mood and anxiety disorders · 2025Article
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder-Related Differences in Neural Connectivity Among Female Trauma Survivors.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Article
- Longitudinal Associations Between Peritraumatic Oestradiol and Fear Responding in Women and Men.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2025Article
- Exploring the impact of biological sex on intrinsic connectivity networks in PTSD: A data-driven approach.Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry · 2025Article
- Inflammatory markers CRP and WBC as predictors of liver function impairment in multiple injury trauma patients: a repeated measures analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- A systematic review on the bidirectional relationship between trauma-related psychopathology and reproductive aging.Journal of mood and anxiety disorders · 2024Article
- A Prefrontal→Periaqueductal Gray Pathway Differentially Engages Autonomic, Hormonal, and Behavioral Features of the Stress-Coping Response.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- PTSD-related differences in resting-state functional connectivity and associations with sex hormones.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Probing the neurocardiac circuit in trauma and posttraumatic stress.Journal of psychiatric research · 2024Article
- Preclinical Models of Chronic Stress: Adaptation or Pathology?Biological psychiatry · 2023Review
- A study of post-traumatic stress disorder in schizophrenic patients 35 years after experiencing the Tangshan earthquake.Brain and behavior · 2023Article
- Altered Resting-State functional connectivity in the anterior and posterior hippocampus in Post-traumatic stress disorder: The central role of the anterior hippocampus.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2023Article
- Involvement of the brain-heart axis in the link between PTSD and cardiovascular disease.Depression and anxiety · 2022Review
- The neuropeptide landscape of human prefrontal cortex.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Decades of research into the biological mechanisms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) suggests that chronic activation of the stress response leads to long-lasting changes in the structure and function of the nervous and endocrine systems. While the prevalence of PTSD is twice as high in females as males, little is known about how sex differences in neuroendocrine systems may contribute to PTSD. In response to the paucity of research on sex-related mechanisms, the National Institutes of Health created a policy that asks researchers to consider sex as a biological variable. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of nervous and endocrine dysfunction in PTSD (e.g., neural circuitry, autonomic arousal, hormonal response), highlighting areas where the influence of sex has been characterized and where further research is needed. We also provide recommendations for using the sex-as-a-biological-variable policy to address specific gaps in PTSD neuroscience research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.