ArticleBMC infectious diseases2020
STI in times of PrEP: high prevalence of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and mycoplasma at different anatomic sites in men who have sex with men in Germany.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 178 citations in OpenAlex.
- German evidence- and consensus-based guideline on the management of penile urethritis.Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG · 2025Guideline
- Prevalence of gonococcal and chlamydial infections among men who have sex with men in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence and trends of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in female sex workers and men who have sex with men in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Impact of doxycycline pre-exposure prophylaxis (doxyPrEP) for sexually transmitted infections on the microbiome of men who have sex with men on HIV PrEP.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Analysis of minimum inhibitory concentrations of azithromycin, ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin forEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Article
- A Prospective Incidence Study on Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV in Men Who Have Sex With Men, With or Without Use of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Impact of bacterial sexually transmitted infections on human papillomavirus and anal dysplasia in people living with HIV.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Men who have sex with men newly diagnosed with HIV-1 in Portugal (2023-2024): a comparative analysis of transmission clusters between migrants and non-migrants.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Cabotegravir Maintains Protective Efficacy in the Setting of Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Secondary Analysis of HPTN 083.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Changing epidemiology of reproductive tract infections in Western China: a three-phase retrospective study during the COVID-19 pandemic.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Screening strategies and epidemiology of gonorrhea and chlamydia in sexually active men in Taiwan.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Stakeholders' perspectives on HIV prevention in the Czech Republic: a qualitative study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Determinants of knowledge and positive perception of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis: the role of age and sexual orientation in patients of specialized STI and transgender health services.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Testing paradox may explain increased observed prevalence of bacterial STIs among MSM on HIV PrEP: A modeling study.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Does Not Increase Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Incidence in Young Black and Hispanic Men who Have Sex With Men: An Observational Cohort Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Coinfection of syphilis and HIV: epidemiological evaluation at the Dermatology Department in Lodz, Poland.Postepy dermatologii i alergologii · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma genitalium at pharyngeal and anorectal sites in patients presenting to an STI outpatient ward.Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2025Observational
- Prevalence of Site-SpecificInfection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Factors associated with bacterial sexually transmitted infection screening uptake and diagnosis among men who have sex with men in France.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Advantages of Syndromic Diagnostics: Detection of the Pathogens Causing Urethritis/Cervicitis with the STI CNM Real-Time PCR Kit from Vitro S.A.Polish journal of microbiology · 2024Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMen who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionally affected by sexually transmitted infections (STI). STI are often extragenital and asymptomatic. Both can delay diagnosis and treatment. Approval of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) might have influenced sexual behaviour and STI-prevalence of HIV- MSM. We estimated STI-prevalence and risk factors amongst HIV- and HIV+ MSM in Germany to plan effective interventions.
methodsWe conducted a nationwide, cross-sectional study between February and July 2018. Thirteen MSM-friendly STI-practices screened MSM for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), Neisseria gonorrhea (NG), and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) using self-collected rectal and pharyngeal swabs, and urine samples. APTIMA™ STI-assays (Hologic™ Inc., San Diego, USA) were used for diagnostics, and samples were not pooled. We collected information on socio-demographics, HIV-status, clinical symptoms, sexual behaviour within the last 6 months, and PrEP use. We combined HIV status and PrEP use for defining risk groups, and used directed acyclic graphs and multivariable logistic regression to identify risk factors for STI.
resultsTwo thousand three hundred three MSM were included: 50.5% HIV+, median age 39 [18-79] years. Median number of male sex partners within the last 6 months was five. Sex without condom was reported by 73.6%, use of party drugs by 44.6%. 80.3% had a STI history, 32.2% of STI+ MSM reported STI-related symptoms. 27.6% of HIV- MSM used PrEP. Overall STI-prevalence was 30.1, 25.0% in HIV-/PrEP- MSM (CT:7.2%; MG:14.2%; NG:7.4%; TV:0%), 40.3% in HIV-/PrEP+ MSM (CT:13.8%; MG:19.4%; NG:14.8%; TV:0.4%), and 30.8% in HIV+ MSM (CT:10.1%; MG:18.4%; NG:8.6%; TV:0.1%). Being HIV+ (OR 1.7, 95%-CI 1.3-2.2), using PrEP (OR 2.0, 95%-CI 1.5-2.7), having > 5 sex partners (OR:1.65; 95%-CI:1.32-2.01.9), having condomless sex (OR:2.11.9; 95%-CI:1.65-2.86), and using party drugs (OR:1.65; 95%-CI:1.32-2.0) were independent risk factors for being tested positive for at least one STI.
conclusionsWe found a high STI-prevalence in MSM in Germany, especially in PrEP users, frequently being asymptomatic. As a relevant proportion of PrEP users will not use a condom, counselling and comprehensive STI screening is essential and should be low threshold and preferably free of cost. Counselling of PrEP users should also address use of party drugs.
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