ArticlePloS one2020
Co-carriage of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis among three different age categories of children in Hungary.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global epidemiology of asymptomatic colonisation of methicillin-resistantArchives of disease in childhood · 2024Pooled it
- Co-carriage of respiratory tract bacterial pathogens among under-5 children with pneumococcal carriage in Peninsular Malaysia.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Genetic population structure of Haemophilus influenzae at local and global scales.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Pneumococcal carriage among young children attending daycare in Hungary, 12-13 years post-PCV13: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens in pediatric sinus infections: a retrospective study at a Japanese otolaryngology clinic (2023-2025).Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriage of multidrug resistant bacteria among children at University of Gondar Hospital Northwest Ethiopia Revealing Hidden Health Risks.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Phylogenetic Lineages and Diseases Associated withInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Viral and bacterial microorganisms in Vietnamese children with severe and non-severe pneumonia.Scientific reports · 2024Article
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- Nasopharyngeal carriage and antibiotic susceptibility patterns ofAfrican health sciences · 2023Article
- Surveillance of bacterial carriage in the nose and hands of healthcare workers and patients attending maternity and children's hospital.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2023Article
- Clinical Presentation and Co-Detection of Respiratory Pathogens in Children Under 5 Years with Non-COVID-19 Bacterial and Viral Respiratory Tract Infections: A Prospective Study in Białystok, Poland (2021-2022).Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2023Article
- Article
- Alarming Levels of Multidrug Resistance in Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated from the Nasopharynx of Healthy Under-Five Children in Accra, Ghana.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Genotypic and Phenotypic Characteristics ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Prevalence ofInterdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Prospective Study of the Performance of Parent-Collected Nasal and Saliva Swab Samples, Compared with Nurse-Collected Swab Samples, for the Molecular Detection of Respiratory Microorganisms.Microbiology spectrum · 2021Observational
- Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of respiratory microbial flora in African children with HIV-associated chronic lung disease.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- The upper respiratory tract microbiome of indigenous Orang Asli in north-eastern Peninsular Malaysia.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe nasopharynx can from time to time accommodate otherwise pathogenic bacteria. This phenomenon is called asymptomatic carriage. However, in case of decreased immunity, viral infection or any other enhancing factors, severe disease can develop. Our aim in this study was to survey the nasal carriage rates of four important respiratory pathogens in three different age groups of children attending nurseries, day-care centres and primary schools. This is the first study from Hungary about the asymptomatic carriage of H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis.
methodsAltogether 580 asymptomatic children were screened in three Hungarian cities. Samples were collected from both nostrils with cotton swabs. The identification was based on both colony morphology and species-specific PCRs. Serotyping was performed for S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined with agar dilution, according to the EUCAST guidelines. Clonality was examined by PFGE. RESULTS AND
conclusionsWhereas the carriage rates of S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis clearly decreased with age, that of S. aureus showed an opposite tendency. Multiple carriage was least prevalent if S. aureus was one of the participants. The negative association between this bacterium and the others was statistically significant. For pneumococcus, the overall carriage rate was lower compared to earlier years, and PCV13 serotypes were present in only 6.2% of the children. The majority of H. influenzae isolates was non-typeable and no type b was detected; serotype A was dominant among M. catarrhalis. All four bacteria were more sensitive to antibiotics compared to clinical isolates. No MRSAs were detected, but we found three mupirocin resistant strains. The positive effect of Hib- and PCV-vaccination is undoubted. Continued surveillance of these pathogens is required.
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