ArticleJournal of environmental health science & engineering2019
Evaluation of chlorpyrifos residue in breast milk and its metabolite in urine of mothers and their infants feeding exclusively by breast milk in north of Iran.
Article in Journal of environmental health science & engineering, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of an Integrated In Silico-In Vitro Pipeline for Predicting Mitochondrial Complex I-Mediated Neurotoxicity of Chlorpyrifos.Neurotoxicity research · 2026Article
- Protective effects ofToxicology research · 2025Article
- Neurotoxic Effects of Pesticides: Implications for Neurodegenerative and Neurobehavioral Disorders.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Review
- Reference values of urinary metabolites of organophosphate in healthy Iranian adults.PloS one · 2025Article
- Impact of Pesticide Residues on the Gut-Microbiota-Blood-Brain Barrier Axis: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Cocktail Effect of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: Application to Chlorpyrifos in Lavender Essential Oils.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- The neonatal gut microbiome and global health.Gut microbesReview
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe most common method of combating insects in low-income communities and developing countries, is the use of insecticides. The use of organophosphate insecticides is increasing due to their low prices and availability on the market. Chlorpyrifos is a medium-risk insecticide for human. The widespread use of organophosphorus insecticides, especially chlorpyrifos, in residential homes has undoubtedly created many health concerns. Babies have a high sensitivity to pesticides and environmental contaminants because of their evolutionary status. On the other hand, the main source of infants' exposure who are breast-fed exclusively to environmental pollutants is through breast milk and oral contact with objects that are covered with dust and particles.
methodsIn this cross-sectional study, the concentration of chlorpyrifos in breast milk and its metabolite in urine samples of mothers and their under six months infants, feeding exclusively by breast milk in north of Iran have been investigated. The demographic data was collected through interviewing with selected mothers and completion of prepared data collecting forms. The data were statistically analyzed to investigate the relationships between exposure of mothers and their infants to chlorpyrifos.
resultsThe mean concentration of chlorpyrifos and its metabolite in mothers' urine and milk samples and infant's urines were 1.3 ± 0.6, 2.1 ± 1.4 and 1.4 ± 0.7 μg/L, respectively. Also, the mean concentration of chlorpyrifos in the dust on the house floors was73.4 ± 49 ng/g. There are good correlations between the mean values of chlorpyrifos concentrations and its metabolite in mother's milk and urine (r = 0.872,
conclusionOur study suggests that the infants are the recipient of concentrated forms of chlorpyrifos residues through breast milk and house dust and it is quite well known that OP pesticides are toxic and have different kinds of adverse health effects. However, further research needs to be done to determine what these chemicals are doing to our children.
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