Trial reportBMC infectious diseases2020
Unpacking the dynamics of double stigma: how the HIV-TB co-epidemic alters TB stigma and its management among healthcare workers.
Trial report in BMC infectious diseases, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tertiary-care management of TB/HIV co-infection in Port Harcourt, Nigeria: A retrospective cohort analysis.PloS one · 2026Article
- Enacted and internalized stigma as predictors of successful treatment outcome among newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients in Gauteng, South Africa.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- TB Stigma and Stigmatization Experienced by People with Tuberculosis: A Qualitative Study in Jakarta, Indonesia.F1000Research · 2026Article
- Global burden of HIV and drug-resistant tuberculosis co-infection and its attributable risk factors, 1990 to 2021, with projections to 2031.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Exploring the Gender Preferences for Healthcare Providers and Their Influence on Patient Satisfaction.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- A mixed-methods study on healthcare workers' perceptions of treatment adherence among HIV-TB co-infected patients in a multi-disease prevention policy context.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Individual, community and health systems factors influencing time to notification of tuberculosis: situating software and hardware bottlenecks in local health systems.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Ubuntu Is a Critical Component in the Fight against Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Tuberculosis Stigma: Nursing Students' Perceptions.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- "As a patient I do not belong to the clinic, I belong to the community." Co-developing a multi-level, person-centred tuberculosis stigma intervention in Cape Town, South Africa.Research square · 2024Article
- South African adolescents' lived experiences of acquired hearing loss following multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2024Article
- A qualitative analysis of community health worker perspectives on the implementation of the preconception and pregnancy phases of the Bukhali randomised controlled trial.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- "As a patient I do not belong to the clinic, I belong to the community": co-developing multi-level, person-centred tuberculosis stigma interventions in Cape Town, South Africa.BMC global and public health · 2024Article
- A qualitative exploration into the presence of TB stigmatization across three districts in South Africa.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Pulmonary tuberculosis vs. Tindzhaka and Mafularha: A mixed methods inquiry of traditional healers' perceptions of tuberculosis in rural South Africa.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Interventions pathways to reduce tuberculosis-related stigma: a literature review and conceptual framework.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2022Review
- Prednisone for the prevention of tuberculosis-associated IRIS (randomized controlled trial): Impact on the health-related quality of life.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- "We have to learn to cooperate with each other": a qualitative study to explore integration of traditional healers into the provision of HIV self-testing and tuberculosis screening in Eswatini.BMC health services research · 2021Article
- Experiences of social stigma among patients tested positive for COVID-19 and their family members: a qualitative study.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Beyond the Magic Bullet: What Will It Take to End the AIDS Epidemic?American journal of public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHIV and tuberculosis (TB) are intricably interlinked in South Africa. The social aspects of this co-epidemic remain relatively unexplored. More specifically, no research has quantitatively explored the double stigma associated with HIV and TB in this context, and more specifically the impact of the co-epidemic on [1] the stigmatisation of TB and [2] the TB stigma mangement strategy of covering (i.e. the use of TB as a cover for having HIV). The current study aims to address this research gap by disentangling the complex mechanisms related to HIV-TB stigma.
methodsUsing Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), data of 882 health care workers (HCWs) in the Free State province, South Africa, are analysed to investigate the link between the stigmatization of HIV and TB and the stigma management by those affected. The current study focuses on health care workers (HCWs), as both TB and HIV have a severe impact on this professional group.
resultsThe results demonstrate that the perceived link between the epidemics is significantly associated with double HIV-TB stigmatization. Furthermore, the link between the illnesses and the double stigma are driving the stigmatization of TB. Finally, the link between HIV and TB as well as the stigmatization of both diseases by colleagues are associated with an increased use of covering as a stigma management strategy.
conclusionsThis is the first quantitative study disentagling the mediating role of double stigma in the context of the co-epidemic as well as the impact of the co-epidemic on the social connotations of TB. The results stress the need for an integrated approach in the fight against HIV and TB recognizing the intertwined nature of the co-epidemic, not only in medical-clinical terms, but also in its social consequences.
trial registrationSouth African National Clinical Trials Register, registration ID: DOH-27-1115-5204. Prospectively registered on 26 August 2015.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.