ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2020
Associations between Cadmium Exposure and Taste and Smell Dysfunction: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011-2014.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nasal Mucosal Heavy Metal Accumulation, Olfactory Dysfunction, and Histopathological Changes: A Prospective Clinical Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Taste alterations in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: an observational study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Metabolomic and Lipidomic Analysis of Manganese-Associated Parkinsonism: a Case-Control Study in Brescia, Italy.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Quantitive Assessment of Gustatory Function and Its Association with Demographics, and Systemic Morbidity.Biology · 2024Article
- Sublethal Exposure to Cadmium Induces Chemosensory Dysfunction in Fire Ants.Environmental science & technology · 2022Article
- Illicit Drug Use and Smell and Taste Dysfunction: A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Detection, Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Toxic Heavy Metals/Metalloids, Arsenic, Cadmium, and Lead in Goat Carcasses Processed for Human Consumption in South-Eastern Nigeria.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The 8-item NHANES pocket smell testApplied neuropsychology. AdultArticle
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCadmium is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant and has been associated with many adverse health outcomes. However, little is known about the effect of cadmium exposure on taste and smell dysfunction.
methodsWe used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014 to investigate the associations between blood cadmium and taste and smell dysfunction among 5038 adults aged 40-80 years old. Taste and smell dysfunction were defined by questionnaires, examinations, or both criteria.
resultsIn survey weighted logistic regression models adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, income-to-poverty ratio (IPR), and education, individuals with a blood cadmium level in the highest tertiles had significantly higher odds of having perceived smell dysfunction (odds ratio (OR) = 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08, 1.84), perceived taste dysfunction (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.16, 1.89), and taste dysfunction defined by both self-reported and objectively measured data (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.07). After further adjusting for body mass index (BMI), cigarette smoking, and alcohol drinking, consistent results were observed for perceived taste dysfunction (OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.00), and no significant associations were found between cadmium exposure and other outcomes.
conclusionsOur findings suggest that cadmium exposure is associated with perceived taste dysfunction.
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