ArticleEpidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)2020
Estrogen Plus Progestin Hormone Therapy and Ovarian Cancer: A Complicated Relationship Explored.
Article in Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- "We adjusted for race": now what? A systematic review of utilization and reporting of race in American Journal of Epidemiology and Epidemiology, 2020-2021.Epidemiologic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Isorhamnetin-preconditioned MSC-derived exosomes restore ovarian function by inhibiting ferroptosis in chemotherapy-induced POF.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Article
- Postmenopausal osteoporosis and vascular calcification: The estrogen regulation network and calcification paradox.Journal of translational internal medicine · 2026Article
- Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Inhibits Tumorigenesis in Mouse Models of Oviductal High-Grade Serous Carcinoma.Cancers · 2025Article
- Potential MiRNA therapies for premature ovarian failure: new challenges and opportunities.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Review
- Gut-Vaginal Microbiome Crosstalk in Ovarian Cancer: Implications for Early Diagnosis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Patterns of Associations with Epidemiologic Factors by High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Gene Expression Subtypes.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- Use of menopausal hormone therapy before and after diagnosis and ovarian cancer survival-A prospective cohort study in Australia.International journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Bavachin enhances paclitaxel sensitivity in ovarian cancer cells through modulation of mitochondrial function and ER stress.Animal cells and systems · 2025Article
- Deleterious Effects of Caffeine Consumption on Reproductive Functions of Female Wistar Rats.JBRA assisted reproduction · 2024Article
- Progesterone amplifies allergic inflammation and airway pathology in association with higher lung ILC2 responses.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2024Article
- Global epidemiology of epithelial ovarian cancer.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2024Review
- Menopausal hormone therapy use and risk of ovarian cancer by race: the ovarian cancer in women of African ancestry consortium.British journal of cancer · 2023Article
- A framework for assessing interactions for risk stratification models: the example of ovarian cancer.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2023Article
- Use of menopausal hormone therapy and ovarian cancer risk in a French cohort study.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2023Article
- Effects of risk factors for ovarian cancer in women with and without endometriosis.Fertility and sterility · 2022Article
- Proliferation of the Fallopian Tube Fimbriae and Cortical Inclusion Cysts: Effects of the Menstrual Cycle and the Levonorgestrel Intrauterine Contraceptive System.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2022Article
- A Narrative Review of the Role of Diet and Lifestyle Factors in the Development and Prevention of Endometrial Cancer.Cancers · 2021Review
- Research Progress on the Treatment of Premature Ovarian Failure Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Literature Review.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
30 authors at 18 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMenopausal estrogen-alone therapy is a risk factor for endometrial and ovarian cancers. When a progestin is included with the estrogen daily (continuous estrogen-progestin combined therapy), there is no increased risk of endometrial cancer. However, the effect of continuous estrogen-progestin combined therapy on risk of ovarian cancer is less clear.
methodsWe pooled primary data from five population-based case-control studies in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium, including 1509 postmenopausal ovarian cancer cases and 2295 postmenopausal controls. Information on previous menopausal hormonal therapy use, as well as ovarian cancer risk factors, was collected using in-person interviews. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between use of continuous estrogen-progestin combined therapy and risk of ovarian cancer by duration and recency of use and disease histotype.
resultsEver postmenopausal use of continuous estrogen-progestin combined therapy was not associated with increased risk of ovarian cancer overall (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.72, 1.0). A decreased risk was observed for mucinous ovarian cancer (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.18, 0.91). The other main ovarian cancer histotypes did not show an association (endometrioid: OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.57, 1.3, clear cell: OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.40, 1.2; serous: OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.80, 1.2).
conclusionsGiven that estrogen-alone therapy has been shown to be associated with increased risk of ovarian cancer, these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that adding a progestin each day ameliorates the carcinogenic effects of estrogen on the cells of origin for all histotypes of ovarian cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.