ArticlePloS one2020
The effect of adjuvants and delivery systems on Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cytokine responses in mice immunized with Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific proteins.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Tuberculosis vaccines and therapeutic drug: challenges and future directions.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- Host Immune Response toJournal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Microbiota-immune-brain interactions: A new vision in the understanding of periodontal health and disease.Periodontology 2000 · 2024Review
- Optimizing antigen selection for the development of tuberculosis vaccines.Cell insight · 2024Review
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- S6P mutation in Delta and Omicron variant spike protein significantly enhances the efficacy of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- IFNγ-induction of TNature immunology · 2023Article
- Beneficial or detrimental activity of regulatory T cells, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, and heme oxygenase-1 in the lungs is influenced by the level of virulence ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Recent Advances in Genomics-Based Approaches for the Development of Intracellular Bacterial Pathogen Vaccines.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Nanomaterials in tuberculosis DNA vaccine delivery: historical perspective and current landscape.Drug delivery · 2022Review
- Microneedle-based two-step transdermal delivery of Langerhans cell-targeting immunoliposomes induces a Th1-biased immune response.European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V · 2022Article
- Vaccination against Bacterial Infections: Challenges, Progress, and New Approaches with a Focus on Intracellular Bacteria.Vaccines · 2022Review
- An Early Th1 Response Is a Key Factor for a Favorable COVID-19 Evolution.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- The Effect of Delivery Systems on the Induction of T Helper 1 Cell Response to an ESAT6-Like Protein Rv3619c and Identification of Its Immunodominant Peptides.Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre · 2022Article
- Changes of Migration, Immunoregulation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Different Stages of Inflammation.International journal of medical sciences · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health problem of global concern. The control of this disease requires appropriate preventive measures, including vaccines. In TB, T helper (Th)1 cytokines provide protection whereas Th2 and T regulatory (Treg) cytokines contribute to the pathogenesis and Th17 cytokines play a role in both protection and pathogenesis. Previous studies with Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific proteins have identified seven low molecular weight proteins, PE35, ESXA, ESXB, Rv2346c, Rv2347c, Rv3619c, and Rv3620c, as immunodominant antigens inducing Th1-cell responses in humans following natural infection with M. tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to characterize the cytokine responses induced in mice immunized with these proteins, using various adjuvants and delivery systems, i.e. chemical adjuvants (Alum and IFA), non-pathogenic mycobacteria (M. smegmatis and M. vaccae) and a DNA vaccine plasmid (pUMVC6). The immune responses were monitored by quantifying the marker cytokines secreted by Th1 (IFN-ɣ), Th2 (IL-5), Treg (IL-10), and Th17 (IL-17A) cells. DNA corresponding to pe35, esxa, esxb, rv2346c, rv2347c, rv3619c, and rv3620c genes were cloned into the expression vectors pGES-TH-1, pDE22 and pUMVC6 for expression in Escherichia coli, mycobacteria and eukaryotic cells, respectively. Mice were immunized with the recombinants using different adjuvants and delivery systems, and spleen cells were stimulated in vitro with peptides of immunizing proteins to investigate antigen-specific secretion of Th1 (IFN-ɣ), Th2 (IL-5), Treg (IL-10), and Th17 (IL-17A) cytokines. The results showed that spleen cells, from mice immunized with all antigens, secreted the protective Th1 cytokine IFN-ɣ, except ESXB, with one or more adjuvants and delivery systems. However, only Rv3619c consistently induced Th1-biased responses, without the secretion of significant concentrations of Th2, Th17 and Treg cytokines, with all adjuvants and delivery systems. Rv3619c also induced antigen-specific IgG antibodies in immunized mice.
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