Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32026800›Full record

ArticleBJPsych open2020

Mental health in UK Biobank - development, implementation and results from an online questionnaire completed by 157 366 participants: a reanalysis.

Katrina A S Davis, Jonathan R I Coleman, Mark Adams, Naomi Allen, Gerome Breen, Breda Cullen, Chris Dickens, Elaine Fox, Nick Graham, Jo Holliday and 11 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BJPsych open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 207 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
207citing papers in PubMed, 13 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

207 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  11. Genetics of age-at-onset in major depression.Translational psychiatry · 2022
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  14. Article
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  18. Classification of Alcohol Use Disorder With Explainable AI.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2026
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147 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Katrina A S DavisResearcher, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London; and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5945-4646
Jonathan R I ColemanLecturer in Statistical Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London; and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UK.
Mark AdamsData Scientist, Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, UK.
Naomi AllenProfessor, University of Oxford; and Chief Scientist, UK Biobank, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford Big Data Institute, UK.
Gerome BreenProfessor of Psychiatric Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London; and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UK.
Breda CullenSenior Lecturer, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK.
Chris DickensProfessor of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, UK.
Elaine FoxProfessor of Psychology and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, UK.
Nick GrahamClinical Lecturer in General Psychiatry, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK.
Jo HollidaySenior Research Facilitator, University of Oxford; and UK Biobank: UK Biobank, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford Big Data Institute, UK.
Louise M HowardNIHR Research Professor in Women's Mental Health and NIHR Senior Investigator, Section of Women's Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9942-744X
Ann JohnProfessor of Public Health and Psychiatry and Consultant Public Health Medicine, Population Data Science, Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University; and Public Health Wales NHS Trust, UK.
William LeeConsultant Liaison Psychiatrist and Honorary Clinical Senior Lecturer, Devon Partnership NHS Trust; and University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, UK.
Rose McCabeProfessor of Clinical Communication, School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, UK.
Andrew McIntoshProfessor of Biological Psychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0198-4588
Robert PearsallConsultant Psychiatrist and Honorary Clinical Senior Lecturer in Psychiatry, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6697-9157
Daniel J SmithLecturer in Psychiatry, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2267-1951
Cathie SudlowDirector of the British Heart Foundation Data Science Centre, BHF Data Science Centre; Former Chief Scientist, UK Biobank; and Chair of Neurology and Clinical Epidemiology, Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, UK.
Joey WardResearcher, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK.
Stan ZammitProfessor of Psychiatric Epidemiology, Centre for Academic Mental Health, University of Bristol; and Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cardiff, Cardiff University School of Medicine, UK.
Matthew HotopfDirector, National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at the Maudsley; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London; and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UK.

Funding

Chief Scientist Office DTF/14/03Department of Health NIHR-RP-R3-12-011Medical Research Council MC_PC_12028Medical Research Council MC_PC_17209Medical Research Council MC_PC_17228Medical Research Council MC_QA137853Medical Research Council MR/L010305/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundUK Biobank is a well-characterised cohort of over 500 000 participants including genetics, environmental data and imaging. An online mental health questionnaire was designed for UK Biobank participants to expand its potential.

aimsDescribe the development, implementation and results of this questionnaire.

methodAn expert working group designed the questionnaire, using established measures where possible, and consulting a patient group. Operational criteria were agreed for defining likely disorder and risk states, including lifetime depression, mania/hypomania, generalised anxiety disorder, unusual experiences and self-harm, and current post-traumatic stress and hazardous/harmful alcohol use.

resultsA total of 157 366 completed online questionnaires were available by August 2017. Participants were aged 45-82 (53% were ≥65 years) and 57% women. Comparison of self-reported diagnosed mental disorder with a contemporary study shows a similar prevalence, despite respondents being of higher average socioeconomic status. Lifetime depression was a common finding, with 24% (37 434) of participants meeting criteria and current hazardous/harmful alcohol use criteria were met by 21% (32 602), whereas other criteria were met by less than 8% of the participants. There was extensive comorbidity among the syndromes. Mental disorders were associated with a high neuroticism score, adverse life events and long-term illness; addiction and bipolar affective disorder in particular were associated with measures of deprivation.

conclusionsThe UK Biobank questionnaire represents a very large mental health survey in itself, and the results presented here show high face validity, although caution is needed because of selection bias. Built into UK Biobank, these data intersect with other health data to offer unparalleled potential for crosscutting biomedical research involving mental health.

Indexed as

alcohol disorderscohort studydepressive disordersMental healthUK Biobank

Identifiers

PMID32026800
PMCPMC7176892

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.