Observational studyIntensive care medicine2020
Identification and validation of biomarkers of persistent acute kidney injury: the RUBY study.
Observational study in Intensive care medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 138 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Identification and Validation of Biomarkers of Acute Kidney Injury Recovery
Effect of Protein Dosage on Persistent Acute Renal Failure in Critically Ill Patients.
Who cites it
138 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Risk Factors and Outcomes Associated With the Development of Persistent Acute Kidney Injury in Non-Renal Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical transplantation · 2024Pooled it
- Performance of urinary C-C motif chemokine ligand 14 for the prediction of persistent acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2023Pooled it
- Proenkephalin A 119-159 predicts early and successful liberation from renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: a post hoc analysis of the ELAIN trial.Critical care (London, England) · 2022Trial
- Article
- What is the best dialysis regimen for severe AKI to allow kidney function recovery?Clinical kidney journal · 2026Review
- Review
- Human biomarker navigator.iMeta · 2026Review
- Association of Circulating C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 4 to Disease Severity and Clinical Outcomes in Sepsis: A Prospective Observational Study.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Proteomic signatures of renal recovery from acute kidney injury-a translational study in critically ill postoperative patients.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2026Article
- Urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin predicts kidney support therapy duration and liberation in critically ill children.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Association of urinary post-translationally modified fetuin-a and outcomes in acute kidney disease.BMC nephrology · 2026Article
- Transition from acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Biomarkers and the prediction of acute kidney injury and renal replacement therapy initiation: a dream within a dream.Intensive care medicine · 2026Article
- Biomarker-Based Diagnosis and Risk Stratification in Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: From Molecular Mechanisms to Multimarker Panels.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Shared multicellular injury programs of acute and chronic kidney disease enable mechanistic patient stratification.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- The effects of hemoadsorption in patients with sepsis-associated persistent severe AKI who require CRRT: A prospective, randomized controlled pilot study.Annals of intensive care · 2026Article
- Urinary biomarkers IGFBP7 and TIMP-2 in the ICU: a multicenter prospective study on acute kidney injury outcomes.Annals of intensive care · 2026Article
- Persistent Severe Acute Kidney Injury Among Critically Ill Patients: Outcomes and Predictive Markers-A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.Critical care research and practice · 2026Article
- What new renal biomarkers tell us about renal physiology: Collection: physiology applied to ICU.Annals of intensive care · 2026Review
- Observational
78 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe aim of the RUBY study was to evaluate novel candidate biomarkers to enable prediction of persistence of renal dysfunction as well as further understand potential mechanisms of kidney tissue damage and repair in acute kidney injury (AKI).
methodsThe RUBY study was a multi-center international prospective observational study to identify biomarkers of the persistence of stage 3 AKI as defined by the KDIGO criteria. Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) with moderate or severe AKI (KDIGO stage 2 or 3) were enrolled. Patients were to be enrolled within 36 h of meeting KDIGO stage 2 criteria. The primary study endpoint was the development of persistent severe AKI (KDIGO stage 3) lasting for 72 h or more (NCT01868724).
results364 patients were enrolled of whom 331 (91%) were available for the primary analysis. One hundred ten (33%) of the analysis cohort met the primary endpoint of persistent stage 3 AKI. Of the biomarkers tested in this study, urinary C-C motif chemokine ligand 14 (CCL14) was the most predictive of persistent stage 3 AKI with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) (95% CI) of 0.83 (0.78-0.87). This AUC was significantly greater than values for other biomarkers associated with AKI including urinary KIM-1, plasma cystatin C, and urinary NGAL, none of which achieved an AUC > 0.75.
conclusionElevated urinary CCL14 predicts persistent AKI in a large heterogeneous cohort of critically ill patients with severe AKI. The discovery of CCL14 as a predictor of persistent AKI and thus, renal non-recovery, is novel and could help identify new therapeutic approaches to AKI.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.