ArticleThe Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy2020
Prevalence of viral load suppression, predictors of virological failure and patterns of HIV drug resistance after 12 and 48 months on first-line antiretroviral therapy: a national cross-sectional survey in Uganda.
Article in The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Men missing from the HIV care continuum in sub-Saharan Africa: a meta-analysis and meta-synthesis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2022Pooled it
- Seemingly Unrelated Regression Analysis of the Cost and Health-Related Quality of Life Outcomes of the REVAMP Randomized Clinical Trial.Value in health regional issues · 2023Trial
- Association Between Alcohol Use, CD4 Count, and Depressive Symptoms Among People with HIV with Viral Load Suppressed in Southwestern Uganda.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- High frequency of HIV-1 drug resistance among individuals with persistent low-level viremia during first-line antiretroviral therapy in Uganda.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- HIV-1 drug resistance and associated risk factors in patients with antiretroviral therapy failure in Chongqing, China, 2019-2023.PloS one · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Development of machine learning algorithms to predict viral load suppression among HIV patients in Conakry (Guinea).Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Risk Factors of HIV Drug Resistance in Zimbabwe: Evidence from Zimbabwe Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment (ZIMPHIA) 2020 Survey.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Trends in viral load suppression among HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) at Asante Mampong Municipal Hospital, Ghana: 2019-2023.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Clinical Presentation, Treatment Response, and Virology Outcomes of Women Who Seroconverted in the Dapivirine Vaginal Ring Trials-The Ring Study and DREAM.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Observational
- Time to Viral Load Suppression and Its Predictors Among Adult Patients on Antiretro Viral Therapy in Nigist Eleni Mohammed Memorial Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hossana, Southern Ethiopia.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Article
- HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping success rates and correlates of Dried-blood spots and plasma specimen genotyping failure in a resource-limited setting.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Viral suppression among HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy in northwestern Nigeria: an eleven-year review of tertiary care centre records, January 2009-December 2019.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Linkage to intensive adherence counselling among HIV-positive persons on ART with detectable viral load in Gomba district, rural Uganda.AIDS research and therapy · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesWe implemented the WHO cross-sectional survey protocol to determine rates of HIV viral load (VL) suppression (VLS), and weighted prevalence, predictors and patterns of acquired drug resistance (ADR) in individuals with virological failure (VF) defined as VL ≥1000 copies/mL.
methodsWe enrolled 547 and 1064 adult participants on first-line ART for 12 (±3) months (ADR12) and ≥48 months (ADR48), respectively. Dried blood spots and plasma specimens were collected for VL testing and genotyping among the VFs.
resultsVLS was 95.0% (95% CI 93.4%-96.5%) in the ADR12 group and 87.9% (95% CI 85.0%-90.9%) in the ADR48 group. The weighted prevalence of ADR was 96.1% (95% CI 72.9%-99.6%) in the ADR12 and 90.4% (95% CI 73.6-96.8%) in the ADR48 group, out of the 30 and 95 successful genotypes in the respective groups. Initiation on a zidovudine-based regimen compared with a tenofovir-based regimen was significantly associated with VF in the ADR48 group; adjusted OR (AOR) 1.96 (95% CI 1.13-3.39). Independent predictors of ADR in the ADR48 group were initiation on a zidovudine-based regimen compared with tenofovir-based regimens, AOR 3.16 (95% CI 1.34-7.46) and ART duration of ≥82 months compared with <82 months, AOR 1.92 (95% CI 1.03-3.59).
conclusionsWhile good VLS was observed, the high prevalence of ADR among the VFs before they underwent the recommended three intensive adherence counselling (IAC) sessions followed by repeat VL testing implies that IAC prior to treatment switching may be of limited benefit in improving VLS.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.