Observational studyScientific reports2020
Influence of Severity of Type and Timing of Retrospectively Reported Childhood Maltreatment on Female Amygdala and Hippocampal Volume.
Observational study in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adverse childhood experiences and cognitive outcomes among older adults in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2026Pooled it
- Associations of childhood maltreatment types and timing with oxidative stress in formerly out-of-home placed young adults.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Article
- Critical windows: timing of child maltreatment exposure and adult mental health.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2026Article
- Opposing sensitive period effects of early and late childhood maltreatment on corticolimbic responses in fear conditioning.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Sensitive periods for the link between childhood maltreatment and brain aging during adulthood.Neurobiology of stress · 2025Article
- Differential effects of childhood maltreatment types and timing on psychopathology in formerly out-of-home placed young adults.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Article
- The moderating effect of lifetime physical activity on brain alterations related to adverse childhood experiences.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Article
- Neglect and Neurodevelopment: A Narrative Review Understanding the Link Between Child Neglect and Executive Function Deficits.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Validation of an electronic self-administered version of the Dimensional Inventory of Stress and Trauma Across the Lifespan in a large sample of young adults.Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy · 2025Article
- The association between adverse childhood experiences and alterations in brain volume and cortical thickness in adults with alcohol use disorder.Addiction biology · 2024Article
- Early life stress predicts trajectories of emotional problems and hippocampal volume in adolescence.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Article
- New insights into the effects of type and timing of childhood maltreatment on brain morphometry.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A State-of-the-art Review.Current neuropharmacology · 2024Review
- The Role of Perceived Stress in the Relation between Childhood Maltreatment and Severity of Alcohol Use Disorder: A Mediation Analysis.European addiction research · 2024Article
- Brain connectivity disruptions in PTSD related to early adversity: a multimodal neuroimaging study.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2024Article
- Potential sensitive period effects of maltreatment on amygdala, hippocampal and cortical response to threat.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Article
- A data-driven approach to categorizing early life adversity exposure in the ABCD Study.BMC medical research methodology · 2023Article
- Association of Neural Connectome With Early Experiences of Abuse in Adults.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- The interplay of family history of depression and early trauma: associations with lifetime and current depression in the German national cohort (NAKO).Frontiers in epidemiology · 2023Article
- Neurostructural associations with traumatic experiences during child- and adulthood.Translational psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Deleterious effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) on human brain volume are widely reported. First evidence points to differential effects of ACE on brain volume in terms of timing of ACE. Upcoming studies additionally point towards the impact of different types (i.e., neglect and abuse) of ACE in terms of timing. The current study aimed to investigate the correlation between retrospectively reported severity of type (i.e., the extent to which subjects were exposed to abuse and/or neglect, respectively) and timing of ACE on female brain volume in a sample of prolonged traumatized subjects. A female sample with ACE (N = 68) underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging and a structured interview exploring the severity of ACE from age 3 up to 17 using the "Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure" (MACE). Random forest regression with conditional interference trees was applied to assess the impact of ACE severity as well as the severity of ACE type, (i.e. to what extent individuals were exposed to neglect and/or abuse) at certain ages on pre-defined regions of interest such as the amygdala, hippocampus, and anterior cingulate (ACC) volume. Analyses revealed differential type and timing-specific effects of ACE on stress sensitive brain structures: Amygdala and hippocampal volume were affected by ACE severity during a period covering preadolescence and early adolescence. Crucially, this effect was driven by the severity of neglect.
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