ArticleBMC health services research2020
Relationship between the number of hospital pharmacists and hospital pharmaceutical expenditure: a macro-level panel data model of fixed effects with individual and time.
Article in BMC health services research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development of service standards and manpower calculation criteria for hospital clinical pharmacies in South Korea: a survey-based study.BMC health services research · 2024Review
- Impact of National Centralized Drug Procurement policy on chemical pharmaceutical enterprises' R&D investment: a difference-in-differences analysis in China.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Comparing knowledge, attitudes, and practices in cardiovascular disease prevention and health promotion between community and hospital pharmacists in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2024Article
- The Impacts of National Centralized Drug Procurement Policy on Drug Utilization and Drug Expenditures: The Case of Shenzhen, China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe rapid increase in pharmaceutical expenditure (PE) has been a main problem of global healthcare reform for decades. Previous studies demonstrated that pharmacists play an indispensable role in controlling PE, but macro-research evidence is scarce. Exploring the role of pharmacists from a macro-perspective is essential for pharmacy source allocation with an advantage of extensive applicability over regions. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the number of hospital pharmacists and hospital PE and to provide a macro-perspective evidence to curb the increasing PE and decline unnecessary medications.
methodsData were extracted from China Health Statistics Yearbook from 2011 to 2018. A panel dataset with 31 provinces from 2010 to 2017 was constructed. Amongst them, 'Number of hospital pharmacists per 1 million of population' (HLPT) was selected as an independent variable, 'Per visit of hospital outpatient pharmaceutical expenditure' (OTPE) and 'Per capita of hospital inpatient pharmaceutical expenditure' (ITPE) were selected as dependent variables, and 'Number of hospital physicians per 1 million of population' (HLPN) and 'Drug price index' (DPI) were applied as control variables. Fixed-effect panel data analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between the number of hospital pharmacists and hospital PE.
resultsHLPT had a significant and negative relationships with OTPE (β
conclusionThis study confirmed the negative relationship between hospital pharmacists and hospital PE, indicating that hospital pharmacists might play a significant role in controlling PE. Pharmacists were encouraged to participate in more drug-therapy-related activities, such as medication reconciliation.
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