ReviewPolymers2020
The Importance of Poly(ethylene glycol) Alternatives for Overcoming PEG Immunogenicity in Drug Delivery and Bioconjugation.
Review in Polymers, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 270 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
270 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 628 citations in OpenAlex.
- Analysis of multi-drug cancer nanomedicine.Nature nanotechnology · 2025Pooled it
- Optimizing nucleic acid delivery using PF14 peptide and lipid nanoparticle systems.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Article
- Antibody-mediated recognition of chiral poly(2-oxazoline) nanorods driven by enantioselectivity.Chemical science · 2026Article
- Linking In Vivo Imaging to Therapeutic Outcome withInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Think Beyond The Core: Computationally Decoding the Hydrophilic Corona of Drug-Loaded Polymer Micelles.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Surface chemistry governs sex-dependent responses to PEG and zwitterionic siRNA nanocarriers in primary macrophages.Science advances · 2026Article
- Dynamic Arrest and Tunable Gelation of Immunogenically Inert POEGMA Nanoparticles.ACS polymers Au · 2026Article
- Stimulus-Responsive Polymeric Carriers for Gene Delivery: Balancing Endosomal Escape with Nucleic Acid Release.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Review
- Lipids and lipid nanoparticles functionalized with randomized poly(ethylene glycol) (rPEG) for mRNA delivery.Chemical science · 2026Article
- Sparingly PEGylated Adipate Copolymers via Enzymatic Synthesis as Nano-Carriers for Solid Dispersions.Biomacromolecules · 2026Article
- Polyglycerol-Based Lipids: A Next-Generation Alternative to PEG in Lipid Nanoparticles for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems.Macromolecular rapid communications · 2026Article
- How to Handle Hard-to-Purify Polymers: Ammonium Sulfate Precipitation of rPEG as a Prototype for Amorphous and Flexible Polymers.ACS macro letters · 2026Article
- Decoding Undesirable Inflammatory Responses of Nucleic Acid-Delivering Lipid Nanoparticles.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Nanozymes for Advanced Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers: Applications in Blood Substitution, Wound Healing, Antitumor Therapy, and Beyond.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based targeting breast cancer therapy.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Exatecan Payload-Based Antibody-Drug Conjugates with a Short Hydrophilic Cleavable Linker.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2026Article
- Pre-existing anti-polyethylene glycol antibodies in pregnant women and newborns.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Observational
- Nanoparticle Clearance and New Horizons in Engineered Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Antithrombotic and antibacterial surface coating based on spiky silver nanoparticles: A counterattack against clotting and biofilm.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- POx-Lipids as an Alternative to PEG-Lipids? Multimethod Assessment of Chemistry and Structure.Analytical chemistry · 2026Article
210 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is widely used as a gold standard in bioconjugation and nanomedicine to prolong blood circulation time and improve drug efficacy. The conjugation of PEG to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides (DNA, small interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNA (miRNA)) and nanoparticles is a well-established technique known as PEGylation, with PEGylated products have been using in clinics for the last few decades. However, it is increasingly recognized that treating patients with PEGylated drugs can lead to the formation of antibodies that specifically recognize and bind to PEG (i.e., anti-PEG antibodies). Anti-PEG antibodies are also found in patients who have never been treated with PEGylated drugs but have consumed products containing PEG. Consequently, treating patients who have acquired anti-PEG antibodies with PEGylated drugs results in accelerated blood clearance, low drug efficacy, hypersensitivity, and, in some cases, life-threatening side effects. In this succinct review, we collate recent literature to draw the attention of polymer chemists to the issue of PEG immunogenicity in drug delivery and bioconjugation, thereby highlighting the importance of developing alternative polymers to replace PEG. Several promising yet imperfect alternatives to PEG are also discussed. To achieve asatisfactory alternative, further joint efforts of polymer chemists and scientists in related fields are urgently needed to design, synthesize and evaluate new alternatives to PEG.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.