ArticleHIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.)2020
Factors Associated with Oral Candidiasis in People Living with HIV/AIDS: A Case Control Study.
Article in HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- High prevalence of cross-class azole resistance among Candida isolates from oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV-positive cohort in southeast Nigeria.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Risk Factors for Oropharyngeal, Esophageal, and Oral Candidiasis in HIV-Positive Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Interdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Salivary mycobiome diversity at different stages of human immunodeficiency virus infection.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- A 30-Year Epidemiological Study of Opportunistic Fungal Infections in People Living with HIV in Greece: Associations with Demographic Characteristics and Immune Status.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Periodontal Microbial Profiles Across Periodontal Conditions in Pediatric Subjects: A Narrative Review.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Risk Factors Associated with Oral Candidiasis in Pemphigus Vulgaris Patients: Results from a Case-Control Study in India.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- In Vitro Evaluation ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- New Curcumin Analogue (PAC) InhibitsAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Periodontal Status and Herpesiviridae, Bacteria, and Fungi in Gingivitis and Periodontitis of Systemically Compromised Pediatric Subjects: A Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Prevalence of Oropharyngeal Candidiasis and distribution ofResearch square · 2024Article
- Vitamin D deficiency and oral candidiasis in patients with HIV infection: A case‒control study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Exploring the diversity of uncommon oral yeast species and associated risk factors among substance abusers in southwestern Iran.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Ecological competition in the oral mycobiome of Hispanic adults living in Puerto Rico associates with periodontitis.Journal of oral microbiology · 2024Article
- Prevalence, associated factors and etiologic agents of oral candidiasis among HIV-positive patients in a Vietnamese general hospital.Current medical mycology · 2024Article
- Mucocutaneous Manifestations Among HIV-Infected Patients in Madagascar: Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR dermatology · 2023Article
- Distribution and antifungal susceptibility profiles of Candida species isolated from people living with HIV/AIDS in a public hospital in Goiânia, GO, Brazil.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2023Article
- Characterization of oral candidiasis according to antiretroviral treatment status, immunological and virological profiles among HIV infected patients in two health facilities in Yaoundé-Cameroon: a cross-sectional and analytical study.The Pan African medical journal · 2023Article
- COVID-19 Infection as an Exacerbated Factor of Oral Candidiasis in HIV/AIDS Patient.International medical case reports journal · 2023Article
- Epidemiology, prevalence, and associated factors of oral candidiasis in HIV patients from southwest Iran in post-highly active antiretroviral therapy era.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Clinical Oral Condition Analysis and the Influence of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on Human Salivary Microbial Community Diversity in HIV-Infected/AIDS Patients.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOral candidiasis (OC) is the most frequent opportunistic infection of the oral cavity caused by Candida species overgrowth. A wide variety of risk factor that contributes to yeast infection especially candidiasis. It might be acting as an early marker for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). There are some risk factors for PLWHA associated OC at Wangaya hospital in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.
aimTo identify risk factors of OC in PLWHA at Wangaya Hospital in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. SETTINGS AND
designCase control study was conducted from March 1, 2016 and July 30, 2019, included 448 participants (207 cases and 241 controls). Consecutive recruitment was employed.
methodsCases were PLWHA (18 to 60 years old) with OC and controls without OC. Diagnosis of OC based on the clinical features which are the pseudomembranous candidiasis; oral thrush. An interviewer administered a structured questionnaire used to collect information on risk factors. Statistical analysis used: bivariate analysis was performed on all variables. Chi-square test with statistically significant was at a level of 0.05.
resultsThe participants included 207 (46.20%) PLWHA with OC and 241 (53.80%) PLWHA who did not have OC. The majority participants, 293 (65.40%) were male. OC was associated with age [p = 0.03; OR = 0.66 (95% CI:0.45-0.95)]; sex [p = 0.002; OR = 1.88 (95% CI:1.26-2.80)]; Xerostomia [p = 0.000; OR = 4.15 (95% CI:2.76-6.23)]; smoking [p = 0.000; OR = 6.83 (95% CI: 4.46-10.44)]; alcohol consumption [p = 0.000; OR = 5.76 (95% CI: 3.74-8.83)]; antibiotic usage [p = 0.000; OR = 4.49 (95% CI: 2.93-6.90)]; CD4 count [p = 0.000; OR = 3.29 (95% CI:2.24-4.86)]; HIV clinical stage [p = 0.000; OR = 3.58 (95% CI 2.39-5.37)]. No significant association between prothesis with OC.
conclusionWe found that age, sex, xerostomia, smoking, alcohol consumption, antibiotic usage, CD4 counts and advanced HIV Clinical stage (AIDS) were significant associated risk factors for OC in PLWHA.
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