ReviewOncoTargets and therapy2020
Resistance Mechanism of PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade in the Cancer-Immunity Cycle.
Review in OncoTargets and therapy, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pan-immune-inflammation value in lung cancer: prognostic significance and implications for therapeutic guidance - a systematic review and meta-analysis.World journal of surgical oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Comprehensive Review: Unveiling the Pro-Oncogenic Roles of IL-1ß and PD-1/PD-L1 in NSCLC Development and Targeting Their Pathways for Clinical Management.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Genetically bio-engineered PD-L1 targeted exosomes for immunotherapy of resistant triple negative breast cancer.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Understanding the Tumor Microenvironmental Mechanisms Driving Immunotherapy Resistance in Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Efficacy of anti-LAG3 and anti-PD-1 combination checkpoint inhibitor therapy against head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in a genetically engineered mouse model.Oncoimmunology · 2025Article
- PD-L1 importance in malignancies comprehensive insights into the role of PD-L1 in malignancies: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Mechanisms of primary resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in NSCLC.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Review
- Targeting the Toll-like Receptor Signaling Pathway in Lung Cancer: Therapeutic Opportunities and Challenges.Current drug targets · 2025Review
- The role of programmed death receptor (PD-)1/PD-ligand (L)1 in periodontitis and cancer.Periodontology 2000 · 2024Review
- Article
- Qntrolling the LncRNA HULC-Tregs-PD-1 axis inhibits immune escape in the tumor microenvironment.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Research Progress of PD 1/PD L1 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Urological Tumors.Current cancer drug targets · 2024Review
- Efficacy of anti-programmed cell death protein 1 monoclonal antibody combined with bevacizumab and/or Pseudomonas aeruginosa injection in transplanted tumor of mouse forestomach carcinoma cell gastric cancer in mice and its mechanism in regulating tumor immune microenvironment.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2023Article
- Review
- Development of a nanoparticle-based immunotherapy targeting PD-L1 and PLK1 for lung cancer treatment.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Tumor-Stroma Ratio and Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Expression in Preoperative Biopsy and Matched Laryngeal Carcinoma Surgical Specimen.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Primary and Acquired Resistance against Immune Check Inhibitors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Cancers · 2022Review
- Roles for macrophage-polarizing interleukins in cancer immunity and immunotherapy.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2022Review
- The role of PD-1/PD-L1 and application of immune-checkpoint inhibitors in human cancers.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Research Progress of Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Immunotherapy Related Mechanisms and Predictive Biomarkers in NSCLC.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In recent years, the PD-1/PD-L1 axis blockade has become a very promising therapy with significant clinical benefits for multiple tumor types. However, some patients still do not respond sufficiently to PD-1/PD-L1 targeted monotherapy. Therefore, investigating the mechanism of PD-1 blockade resistance will assist in exploring new immunotherapy strategies, controlling the progress of the disease, and thus bringing more sustainable survival benefits to patients. The tumor-immune cycle is divided into the following seven steps: the release of cancer antigens, cancer antigen presentation, priming and activation, trafficking of T cells to tumors, infiltration of T cells into tumors, recognition of cancer cells by T cells, and killing of cancer cells. Given that PD-1/PD-L1 blockade is primarily involved in step 7, any abnormalities in the previous steps may affect the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and lead to drug resistance. This review discussed the resistance mechanisms of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in each cancer-immunity step to finding a more suitable treatment population and an optimized combination therapy to exert immunotherapy in tumor treatment to a greater extent.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.