ReviewBosnian journal of basic medical sciences2020
The natural adaptive evolution of cancer: The metastatic ability of cancer cells.
Review in Bosnian journal of basic medical sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Metabolic analysis and identification of potential biomarkers of early-stage melanoma lung metastasis.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2025Article
- Roles of Antimicrobial Peptides in Gynecological Cancers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- The role of non-coding RNAs in drug resistance of oral squamous cell carcinoma and therapeutic potential.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2021Review
- Long non-coding RNAs towards precision medicine in gastric cancer: early diagnosis, treatment, and drug resistance.Molecular cancer · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The ability of cancer to adapt renders it one of the most challenging pathologies of all time. It is the most dreaded pathological entity because of its capacity to metastasize to distant sites in the body, and 90% of all cancer-related deaths recorded to date are attributed to metastasis. Currently, three main theories have been proposed to explain the metastatic pathway of cancer: the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) hypothesis (1), the cancer stem cell hypothesis (2), and the macrophage-cancer cell fusion hybrid hypothesis (3). We propose a new hypothesis, i.e., under the effect of particular biochemical and/or physical stressors, cancer cells can undergo nuclear expulsion with subsequent macrophage engulfment and fusion, with the formation of cancer fusion cells (CFCs). The existence of CFCs, if confirmed, would represent a novel metastatic pathway and a shift in the extant dogma of cancer; consequently, new treatment targets would be available for this adaptive pathology.
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Registered trials
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