ArticleArchives of dermatological research2021
Readability of online Spanish patient education materials in dermatology.
Article in Archives of dermatological research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dermatology education resources on sun safety and skin cancer targeted at Spanish-speaking patients: a systematic review.Archives of dermatological research · 2023Pooled it
- Article
- Developing a Culturally Tailored Narrative Video for Skin Cancer Prevention Among Spanish-Speaking Hispanic Outdoor Workers: Co-Design Study.Journal of participatory medicine · 2026Article
- Exposing the Risk: Identifying Perspectives on Skin Cancer Awareness and Prevention Opportunities Among Hispanic Outdoor Workers.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- A scoping review of Spanish language pediatric digital health interventions.Journal of pediatric psychology · 2025Article
- A cross-sectional analysis of the readability of online information for Mohs surgery in English and Spanish.Archives of dermatological research · 2025Article
- mHealth App to Promote Healthy Lifestyles for Diverse Families Living in Rural Areas: Usability Study.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- The lived experience of melanoma diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up in hispanic patients: a qualitative analysis.Archives of dermatological research · 2025Article
- Both English- and Spanish-Language Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Online Patient Education Materials Are Written at Higher-Than-Recommended Reading Levels.Arthroscopy, sports medicine, and rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Assessing the Application of Large Language Models in Generating Dermatologic Patient Education Materials According to Reading Level: Qualitative Study.JMIR dermatology · 2024Article
- Spanish-language bariatric surgery patient education materials fail to meet healthcare literacy standards of readability.Surgical endoscopy · 2023Article
- Evaluating the Spanish readability of American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) Centers of Excellence (COE) websites.Surgical endoscopy · 2023Article
- Article
- Online Information on Painful Sexual Dysfunction in Women: Quality Analysis of Websites in SPANISH about Dyspareunia, Vaginismus and Vulvodynia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Prevalence of Childhood Obesity in the United States in 1999-2018: A 20-Year Analysis.Obesity facts · 2022Article
- Availability and Readability of Spinal Cord Injury Online Information Materials for Spanish Speaking Population in Neurosurgical Academic Programs: A Nationwide Study.International journal of spine surgery · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Decreased health literacy is associated with worse outcomes for a variety of dermatologic conditions. Hispanic adults have the lowest average health literacy of any racial or ethnic group in the United Sates. Although patients are increasingly using online patient education materials (PEMs) for dermatologic care, limited information exists regarding the readability of these resources. The objective of this study is to evaluate the readability of online Spanish language PEMs in dermatology. Online Spanish language PEMs relevant to dermatology were gathered from the United States National Library of Medicine (USNLM) MedlinePlus health library and top Google, Yahoo, and Bing search results for "Spanish patient education dermatology." Spanish text was analyzed for readability using two validated programs: Spanish Lexile Analyzer and Índice Flesch-Szigriszt (INFLESZ). Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to examine the association between the two readability measures. ANOVA without post hoc correction was performed to determine variability between PEMs. A total of 254 Spanish language PEMs were collected and analyzed from nine online sources. The average article length was 601 words. The average Lexile measure was 1005 L (SD = 144 L) and the average INFLESZ score was 64.60 (SD = 7.53). Readability scores equated to an 8-10th grade reading level and was varied based on the source of information (p < 0.001). Online Spanish language PEMs related to dermatology are generally written at a reading level that exceeds national recommendations and may reduce comprehension for Hispanic patients. Targeted initiatives to address and improve online health information for Spanish-speaking patients are warranted.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.