Observational studyScientific reports2020
Number of teeth is associated with facial size in humans.
Observational study in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between third molar agenesis and sagittal skeletal discrepancies in an orthodontic patient population.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Craniofacial size in individuals with supernumerary teeth: A multicenter geometric morphometric study.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Effect of tooth agenesis on facial soft tissue profile.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Evaluation and Comparison of Third Molar Agenesis Among Indian and Malaysian Subpopulations: A Retrospective Orthopantomographic Study.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dentistry · 2026Article
- Palatal canine impaction is not associated with third molar agenesis.European journal of orthodontics · 2025Article
- Investigating the Influence of a Tooth Absence on Facial Bone Growth Using a Porcine Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Occlusal characteristics in modern humans with tooth agenesis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The Prevalence of Congenitally Missing Permanent Teeth in a Sample of Orthodontic and Non-Orthodontic Caucasian Patients.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Sexual Dimorphism in Third Molar Agenesis in Humans with and without Agenesis of Other Teeth.Biology · 2022Article
- Article
- Testing the inhibitory cascade model in a recent human sample.Journal of anatomy · 2021Article
- Third Molar Agenesis Is Associated with Facial Size.Biology · 2021Article
- Morphometric evaluation of cranial base and sella turcica in patients with bilateral agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors.Odontology · 2021Article
- Dental enumeration and multiple treatment detection on panoramic X-rays using deep learning.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
During human evolution there has been an increase in the size of the brain and the cranium, whereas the size of the face, as well as the size and number of teeth have decreased. In modern humans, the occurrence of missing permanent teeth, namely tooth agenesis, is common. It could be attributed to a biological mechanism of tooth number reduction that has evolved during time and might still be active. Although, if evident, it would add support to this theory, the relationship between this phenotype and craniofacial size remains largely unknown. The present case-control study shows that modern individuals with tooth agenesis have indeed smaller facial configurations. For example, a 15-year-old female with no, one, or ten missing teeth would have a facial centroid size of 511.83, 510.81, or 501.70 mm, respectively. No such effect was observable in the cranial base and the cranium. Our results suggest that common gene regulatory mechanisms that have evolved over time, continue to regulate the number of teeth and facial size of modern humans in a coordinated manner. We anticipate our findings to enrich our understanding of the evolution and development of the human head and kindle future developmental research on this field.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.