ReviewHospital pediatrics2020
Refusal of Intramuscular Vitamin K by Parents of Newborns: A Review.
Review in Hospital pediatrics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lack of documented prophylactic vitamin K administration in newborns: incidence, predictors, and bleeding outcomes in a large healthcare network population.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Vitamin K Prophylaxis in Newborns: A Narrative Review of the Molecular Basis, Clinical Evidence, and Comparative Effectiveness of Intramuscular Versus Oral Administration and Parental Hesitation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Oral neonatal vitamin K deficiency bleeding prophylaxis in Switzerland (2018-2024), still valid guidelines for healthy infants.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Large intracerebral hemorrhage in the setting of vitamin K prophylaxis refusal.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2026Article
- Non-Uptake of Newborn Screening in Planned Homebirth Is Associated with Preventive Health Practices for Infants: A Retrospective Case-Control Study.International journal of neonatal screening · 2025Article
- Review
- Characterizing Vitamin K Refusal in Term Hospital-Born Infants in Minnesota, 2015-2019.Hospital pediatrics · 2025Article
- Exploring parental perspectives: Maternal RSV vaccination versus infant RSV monoclonal antibody.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Article
- Neonatologists and vitamin K hesitancy.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2023Review
- Midwives' Perspectives about Vitamin K Prophylaxis Against Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding of the Newborn.Maternal and child health journal · 2022Article
- Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery: An Overview with Emphasis on Vitamin D and K Transportation.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Parental resistance to oral vitamin K prophylaxis was much more common in Swiss birthing centres than private or public hospitals.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2021Article
- Gaps in the coverage of vitamin KPublic health nutrition · 2021Article
- Belgian Consensus Recommendations to Prevent Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding in the Term and Preterm Infant.Nutrients · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In 2019, the American Academy of Pediatrics made public education about intramuscular vitamin K administration at birth a public health priority, partly in response to reports of refusal of intramuscular vitamin K by parents of newborns that led to vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB). We reviewed the literature on the frequency of, reported reasons for, and factors associated with refusal of intramuscular vitamin K, incidence of VKDB in newborns who did not receive intramuscular vitamin K, and use of oral vitamin K to prevent VKDB. Without prophylaxis, estimates of the incidence per 100 000 births of VKDB range from 250 to 1700 for early VKDB and from 10.5 to 80 for late VKDB. The frequency of refusal of intramuscular vitamin K by parents ranged from 0% to 3.2% in US hospitals, up to 14.5% in home births, and up to 31.0% in birthing centers. Reported reasons for refusal were concern of harm from the injection, a desire to be natural, and a belief in alternative methods of prophylaxis. Parents who refused intramuscular vitamin K were more likely to refuse immunizations. Many different regimens were used for orally administered vitamin K; it is not clear which is best, but all are less effective than intramuscular vitamin K. VKDB is rare but can result in either neurologic sequelae or death. In addition to continued surveillance of the frequency of both refusal of intramuscular vitamin K and VKDB, a renewed focus on education of and collaboration with parents is needed to address this major public health threat.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.