Observational studyJournal of the American Heart Association2020
Lifestyle Changes in Relation to Initiation of Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Medication: A Cohort Study.
Observational study in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2020. The graph read 1 number from its abstract, feeding 1 cell of the map, but none could be read as for or against, so it casts no vote. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
Read, but not usablea number the graph found but could not read as for or against
In participants who initiated medication use, body mass index increased more (difference in change 0.19; 95% CI, 0.16-0.22) and physical activity declined (-0.09 metabolic equivalent of task hour/day; 95% CI, -0.16 to -0.02) compared with noninitiators.
clause the extractor read what became the number
Where it lands on the map
Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.
What it adds to each cell
For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.
Diet, exercise & lifestyle×body weight & composition
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →3 readable studies in this cell: 2 favour the treatment, 0 find no difference, 1 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of Educational Interventions on Adherence to Lifestyle Modifications Among Hypertensive Patients: An Integrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Impacts of Educational Interventions with Support of Mobile App versus Booklet for Patients with Hypertension and Metabolic Syndrome: A Secondary Data Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Lifestyle Interventions Reduce the Need for Guideline-Directed Antihypertensive Medication.American journal of hypertension · 2021Trial
- Evaluating Statin Knowledge-Perceptions and Receptivity Following a Comprehensive Lifestyle Modification Program.American journal of lifestyle medicine · 2026Article
- Alcohol use and optimal chronic diseases' treatment outcomes among adults aged 40 years and above in rural South Africa.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Factorial Mendelian randomization of lipoprotein (a) lowering, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering, and lifestyle improvements: joint associations with cardiovascular risk.International journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Review
- Effect of salt substitute and antihypertensive medications among high cardiovascular risk patients: A sub-study of Salt Substitute and Stroke Study (SSaSS).Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Relationship Between Diet Quality and Statin Use Among Adults With Metabolic Syndrome From the CARTaGENE Cohort.CJC open · 2024Article
- Are Lipid-Lowering and Antihypertensive Medications Used as Complements to Heart-Healthy Diets? A Scoping Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Article
- US Adults Practicing Healthy Lifestyles Before and During COVID-19: Comparative Analysis of National Surveys.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Article
- Article
- Risk Prediction Model for Uncontrolled Hypertension in Chinese Community.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Article
- Evaluation of cardiovascular risk in a lung cancer screening cohort: what value does it bring?Breathe (Sheffield, England) · 2020Article
- Lifestyle Changes in Relation to Initiation of Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Medication: A Cohort Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2020 · on this mapObservational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.
Background Lifestyle modification is a key component of cardiovascular disease prevention before and concurrently with pharmacologic interventions. We evaluated whether lifestyle factors change in relation to the initiation of antihypertensive or lipid-lowering medication (statins). Methods and Results The study population comprised 41 225 participants of the FPS (Finnish Public Sector) study aged ≥40 years who were free of cardiovascular disease at baseline and responded to ≥2 consecutive surveys administered in 4-year intervals in 2000-2013. Medication use was ascertained through pharmacy-claims data. Using a series of pre-post data sets, we compared changes in body mass index, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and smoking between 8837 initiators and 46 021 noninitiators of antihypertensive medications or statins. In participants who initiated medication use, body mass index increased more (difference in change 0.19; 95% CI, 0.16-0.22) and physical activity declined (-0.09 metabolic equivalent of task hour/day; 95% CI, -0.16 to -0.02) compared with noninitiators. The likelihood of becoming obese (odds ratio: 1.82; 95% CI, 1.63-2.03) and physically inactive (odds ratio: 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01-1.17) was higher in initiators. However, medication initiation was associated with greater decline in average alcohol consumption (-1.85 g/week; 95% CI, -3.67 to -0.14) and higher odds of quitting smoking (odds ratio for current smoking in the second survey: 0.74; 95% CI, 0.64-0.85). Conclusions These findings suggest that initiation of antihypertensive and statin medication is associated with lifestyle changes, some favorable and others unfavorable. Weight management and physical activity should be encouraged in individuals prescribed these medications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.