Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32016643›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of nutrition2020

Monitoring caffeine intake in children with a questionnaire and urine collection: a cross-sectional study in a convenience sample in Switzerland.

Magali Rios-Leyvraz, Murielle Bochud, René Tabin, Bernard Genin, Michel Russo, Michel F Rossier, Chin B Eap, Pascal Bovet, Arnaud Chiolero

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in European journal of nutrition, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02900261 (Comparison of Methods to Measure the Consumption of Sodium and Caffeine in Children), which is not on this map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
0.9field-weighted citation impact, top 27% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02900261 completednot on this map

Comparison of Methods to Measure the Consumption of Sodium and Caffeine in Children

TypeobservationalSponsorUniversity of Lausanne HospitalsRan2016 to 2018Enrolled101ConditionsSodium, CaffeineArmsNo intervention
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Magali Rios-LeyvrazDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Switzerland. magali.leyvraz@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0455-197X
Murielle BochudDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5727-0218
René TabinHospital of Valais, Sion, Switzerland.
Bernard GeninHospital of Valais, Sion, Switzerland.
Michel RussoHospital of Valais, Sion, Switzerland.
Michel F RossierFaculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Chin B EapUnit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0598-557X
Pascal BovetDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0242-4259
Arnaud ChioleroDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Switzerland.
University of Geneva · CHCentre universitaire de médecine générale et santé publique, Lausanne · CHHôpital du Valais · CHUniversity of Bern · CH

Funding

Bundesamt für Lebensmittelsicherheit und Veterinärwesen 5.15.03
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe objectives of this study were (1) to estimate caffeine intake and identify the main sources of intake using a dietary questionnaire, (2) to assess 24-h urinary excretion of caffeine and its metabolites, and (3) to assess how self-reported intake estimates correlates with urinary excretion among children in Switzerland.

methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of children between 6 and 16 years of age in one region of Switzerland. The participants filled in a dietary questionnaire and collected a 24-h urine sample. Caffeine intake was estimated with the questionnaire. Caffeine, paraxanthine, theophylline, and theobromine excretions were measured in the urine sample. Correlations between questionnaire-based intake and urinary excretion estimates were assessed using Spearman correlation coefficients.

resultsNinety-one children were included in the analysis (mean age 10.6 years; 43% female). The mean daily caffeine intake estimate derived from the diet questionnaire was 39 mg (range 0-237), corresponding, when related to body weight, to 1.2 mg/kg (range 0.0-6.3). Seven children (8%) had a caffeine intake above the upper recommended level of 3 mg/kg per day. The main sources of caffeine intake were cocoa milk (29%), chocolate (25%), soft drinks (11%), mocha yogurt (10%), tea (8%), and energy drinks (8%). The 24-h urinary excretion of caffeine was 0.3 mg (range 0.0-1.5), paraxanthine 1.4 mg (range 0.0-7.1), theophylline 0.1 mg (range 0.0-0.6), and theobromine 14.8 mg (range 0.3-59.9). The correlations between estimates of caffeine intake and the 24-h urinary excretion of caffeine was modest (ρ = 0.21, p = 0.046) and with the metabolites of caffeine were weak (ρ = 0.09-0.11, p = 0.288-0.423).

conclusionsCaffeine intake in a sample of children in a region of Switzerland was relatively low. The major sources of intake were cocoa milk, chocolate and soft drinks. Self-reported caffeine intake correlated weakly with urinary excretion of caffeine and some of its main metabolites. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02900261.

Indexed as

CaffeineUrine Specimen CollectionChildCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleSurveys and QuestionnairesSwitzerlandCaffeineAdolescentsCaffeineChildrenCoffeeDietary questionnaireSwitzerlandUrinary excretion

Identifiers

PMID32016643
OpenAlexW3004977356

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.