SynthesisCurrent urology reports2020
Which Type of Water Is Recommended for Patients with Stone Disease (Hard or Soft Water, Tap or Bottled Water): Evidence from a Systematic Review over the Last 3 Decades.
Synthesis in Current urology reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Natural Mineral Water and Diuresis: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Lifestyle factors, serum parameters, metabolic comorbidities, and the risk of kidney stones: a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Clinical efficacy of medical hydrology: an umbrella review.International journal of biometeorology · 2021Pooled it
- Urolithiasis in patients with cancer.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Review
- Oxalate as an Emerging Contributor to Cardiovascular Disease: Links to Inflammation, Immunity, and Oxidative Stress.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Impact of Calcium-Magnesium Ratio in Purified Water Remineralization on Calcium Oxalate Crystal Formation and Renal Injury.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Hydration Meets Regulation: Insights into Bicarbonate Mineral Water and Acid-Base Balance.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Evaluation of the Relationship Between Water Hardness and Incidence of Cardiovascular Diseases in Mashhad, Iran During 2018-2020: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Successful Treatment of Multiple Large Intrarenal Stones in a 2-Year-Old Boy Using a Single-Use Flexible Ureteroscope and High-Power Laser Settings.Pediatric reports · 2024Article
- The key role of major and trace elements in the formation of five common urinary stones.BMC urology · 2024Article
- Fluid intake recommendations in urolithiasis and general advice to patients without metabolic risk factors.World journal of urology · 2023Article
- Causal association of genetically predicted urinary sodium-potassium ratio and upper urinary calculi.Urolithiasis · 2023Article
- Patient perception and barriers with fluid hydration: a prospective face-to-face interview and counselling from a university hospital stone clinic.Central European journal of urology · 2023Article
- Does the mineral content of tap water correlate with urinary calculus composition?Urolithiasis · 2022Article
- Variation in Tap Water Mineral Content in the United Kingdom: Is It Relevant for Kidney Stone Disease?Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Understanding the link between kidney stones and cancers of the upper urinary tract and bladder.American journal of clinical and experimental urology · 2022Review
- Drinking water behavior and willingness to use filters by middle-aged and elderly residents in rural areas: A cross-sectional study in Tengchong, China.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Role of Citrus Fruit Juices in Prevention of Kidney Stone Disease (KSD): A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Secondhand smoke increases the risk of developing kidney stone disease.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Variations in the mineral content of bottled 'carbonated or sparkling' water across Europe: a comparison of 126 brands across 10 countries.Central European journal of urology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purpose of reviewThe role of the mineral constituents in water and their role in kidney stone disease (KSD) have been a long-standing subject of debate. The aim of our systematic review was to evaluate the relevance of different types of water in stone disease. RECENT
findingsStudies to date have had varying results regarding the importance of hardness of water which is mostly determined by its calcium content. Other elements including magnesium and bicarbonate also play a crucial role in prevention of renal stones. Patients with stone disease are provided varying advice due to a lack of consensus on the types of water recommended. Increased fluid intake prevents stone formation. Our review of the literature suggests that hard water and bottled mineral water might be helpful for calcium stone formers. High calcium content in them leads to hypercalciuria; however, other factors also influence stone formation and the overall impact seems to be a reduction in calcium stone formation. The mineral content varies across different water types but high magnesium and bicarbonate content in water is also recommended for kidney stone patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.