ArticlePharmaceutics2020
Odorless Glutathione Microneedle Patches for Skin Whitening.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Can breakthroughs in dermal and transdermal macromolecule delivery surmount existing barriers and revolutionize future therapeutics?Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- A review on recent advances and challenges of microneedle technology for enhanced topical treatment of skin disorders.Archives of dermatological research · 2025Review
- Microneedles as transdermal drug delivery system for enhancing skin disease treatment.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2024Review
- Article
- Fast-Embeddable Grooved Microneedles by Shear Actuation for Accurate Transdermal Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Neurog1-Derived Peptides RMNE1 and DualPep-Shine Penetrate the Skin and Inhibit Melanin Synthesis by Regulating MITF Transcription.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- ROS-sensitive calcipotriol nano-micelles prepared by methoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG) - modified polymer for the treatment of psoriasis.Drug delivery · 2022Article
- Shedding a New Light on Skin Aging, Iron- and Redox-Homeostasis and Emerging Natural Antioxidants.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Antimelanogenesis Effects of Leaf Extract and Phytochemicals from Ceylon Olive (Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Microscale Delivery Systems for Hydrophilic Active Ingredients in Functional Consumer Goods.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Glutathione is a natural anti-aging substance that prevents the oxidation of protein thiols from reactive oxygen species. In the pharmaceutical industry, reduced glutathione (GSH) has been widely used for skin whitening due to its ability to inhibit tyrosinase. However, its poor permeability and foul odor limit its use in skin applications. Herein, we report a GSH-loaded dissolving microneedle (MN) patch prepared with hyaluronic acid (HA) that enables enhanced permeation across the skin and reduces the foul odor of GSH. HA was selected to prepare odorless GSH solutions and used for MN fabrications as a carrier of GSH. GSH-loaded MN (GSH-MN) arrays prepared from MN-forming solution containing up to 10% GSH showed good pattern uniformity and appropriate mechanical properties for insertion into the skin. The GSH-MNs with a loading capacity of 17.4% dissolve within 10 min following insertion into porcine skin and release the loaded GSH without being oxidized. This new approach combines functional biopolymers to reduce the characteristic GSH odor and advanced transdermal delivery based on MN technology to enhance skin permeation without pain. We believe this technique could expand the application of GSH in many cosmeceutical fields.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.