ArticleDrug and alcohol review2020
Investigating possible syndemic relationships between structural and drug use factors, sexual HIV transmission and viral load among men of colour who have sex with men in Los Angeles County.
Article in Drug and alcohol review, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring Intersectionality Among Latinos Living with HIV: A CHAID Analysis of Health Outcomes and Care Engagement.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- COVID-19 and the Syndemic of Intimate Partner Violence, Mental Health, Substance Use, and HIV Care Engagement Among Black Sexual Minority Men Living with HIV in the US South.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- The whole is greater than the sum of its parts: Integrating syndemics and intersectionality in tackling the HIV and mental health epidemics among Filipino gay and bisexual men.PLOS mental health · 2025Article
- Building HIV/AIDS prevention communication strategies through community-informed formative research for a biobehavioural couple-based HIV prevention intervention for Latino men who have sex with men.BMJ public health · 2025Article
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- Detectable viral load associated with unmet mental health and substance use needs among trans women living with HIV in San Francisco, California.BMC women's health · 2024Article
- Time-to-completion of COVID-19 vaccination primary series varies by HIV viral load status among people who inject drugs in Baltimore, Maryland.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- Context, COVID-19 and comorbidities: exploring emergent directions in syndemics and HIV research.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2022Review
- Substance Use-Related Intentional Nonadherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Among Young Adults Living with HIV.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2022Article
- Knowledge brokering on infectious diseases for public health.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2021Article
- A review of current strategies to improve HIV prevention and treatment in sexual and gender minority Latinx (SGML) communities.Expert review of anti-infective therapy · 2021Review
- Mapping the current knowledge in syndemic research applied to men who have sex with men: a scoping review protocol.BMJ open · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND
aimsPast research investigating syndemic factors and HIV-related outcomes has overlooked the impact of structural conditions on behaviours linked with HIV transmission and disease progression. Given prevalent substance use among our sample, we explored whether four structural conditions indicative of social marginalisation and previously correlated with increased risk for HIV infection demonstrated syndemic (additive/synergistic) effects on: (i) HIV viral suppression; and (ii) self-reported involvement in sexual HIV transmission behaviours among a prospective cohort mostly comprising men of colour who have sex with men (MCSM; i.e. Latino/Hispanic and African American/black men) in Los Angeles County. DESIGN AND
methodsData were collected between August 2014 and March 2017. The structural conditions of interest were: current unemployment, recent (≤6 months) incarceration history, 'unstable' accommodation (past month) and remote (>6 months) contact with health-care providers. Generalised estimating equations assessed possible additive effects of experiencing multiple structural conditions, and possible synergistic effects on the HIV-related outcomes.
resultsOf 428 participants, nearly half (49%) were HIV-positive at baseline. Involvement in sexual HIV transmission risk behaviours varied over follow-up (22-30%). Reporting ≥2 structural syndemic conditions was significantly associated with reporting sexual HIV transmission risk behaviours among HIV-negative participants, and detectable viral load among HIV-positive participants. Frequent methamphetamine use was consistently associated with the HIV-related outcomes across the final multivariate models. DISCUSSION AND
conclusionsWhen developing initiatives to address HIV transmission among marginalised sub-populations including MCSM, we must holistically consider systemic and structural issues (e.g. unemployment and homelessness), especially in the context of prevalent substance use.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.