ArticleHealth affairs (Project Hope)2020
Evidence-Based Community Health Worker Program Addresses Unmet Social Needs And Generates Positive Return On Investment.
Article in Health affairs (Project Hope), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 133 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
133 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Collecting and using social needs data in health settings: a systematic review of the literature on health service utilization and costs.BMC health services research · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluating the impact of self-management interventions on COPD outcomes in low- and middle-income countries in Asia: a systematic review.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Patient Perceptions of a Digitally Enabled Community Health Worker Intervention: Qualitative Study Among Pilot Trial Participants.JMIR cardio · 2026Trial
- Feasibility of an Adaptive Food Insecurity Intervention for Patients with Uncontrolled Hypertension: A Pilot SMART.Population health management · 2026Trial
- Effects of a Standardized Community Health Worker Intervention on Health Care Utilization Within an Integrated Delivery System.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Trial
- HABIT Efficacy Trial Intervention Improves Elements of General and Disease-Specific Quality of Life in Youth With Sickle Cell Disease.Pediatric blood & cancer · 2025Trial
- Efficacy of CHAMPS for Improving Viral Suppression: A Randomised Clinical Trial.AIDS and behavior · 2025Trial
- Differences in health care costs between two social health support programs: findings from a randomized social health integration pilot program.BMC health services research · 2025Trial
- Trial
- The effect of supervision on community health workers' effectiveness with households in rural South Africa: A cluster randomized controlled trial.PLoS medicine · 2023Trial
- A Community Health Worker-Led Positive Psychology Intervention for African American Older Adults With Chronic Pain.The Gerontologist · 2022Trial
- Effect of Community Health Workers on 30-Day Hospital Readmissions in an Accountable Care Organization Population: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2021Trial
- Effects of a standardized community health worker intervention on hospitalization among disadvantaged patients with multiple chronic conditions: A pooled analysis of three clinical trials.Health services research · 2020Trial
- A Natural Helper Intervention to Address Disparities in Parent Child-Interaction Therapy: A Randomized Pilot Study.Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology : the official journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53Trial
- Community Health Workers' Roles and Challenges in Wisconsin: A Mixed-Methods Study.Journal of community health · 2026Article
- Experiences of Social Risk Screening in the Safety-Net Among Patients with Mental Health Needs.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- Milford Wellness Village - Foundation of Value-Based Care in Rural Delaware: : Adaptive Reuse, Social Determinants of Health, and an Integrated Continuum of Care.Delaware journal of public health · 2026Article
- Return on investment of community health workers in the United States: a systematic review.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Bridging the Gap: Multidisciplinary Decision Making to Address Systemic Barriers in Cardiovascular Care.Current cardiology reports · 2026Review
73 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Interventions that address socioeconomic determinants of health are receiving considerable attention from policy makers and health care executives. The interest is fueled in part by expected returns on investment. However, many current estimates of returns on investment are likely overestimated, because they are based on pre-post study designs that are susceptible to regression to the mean. We present a return-on-investment analysis that is based on a randomized controlled trial of Individualized Management for Patient-Centered Targets (IMPaCT), a standardized community health worker intervention that addresses unmet social needs for disadvantaged people. We found that every dollar invested in the intervention would return $2.47 to an average Medicaid payer within the fiscal year.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.