ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2019
Pedunculopontine Nucleus Degeneration Contributes to Both Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- "Brain-First" vs. "Body-First" PD: Definitions and Implications in Everyday Clinical Practice: A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Pooled it
- The central cholinergic system as a therapeutic target in Parkinson's disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2026Review
- Sex-specific effects of exercise on motor coordination and extended basal ganglia physiology.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Midbrain length by the one-line method predicts motor outcome after deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Chronic nicotine reduces nigral dopaminergic activity and remodels pedunculopontine cholinergic subpopulations.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Bidirectional Modulation of Beam Traversal Performance by Acetylcholine in the Cerebellar Nuclei.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Mapping cellular vulnerability in Parkinson's disease using retro-AAVs and preformed α-synuclein fibrils.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Article
- Multilevel functional network signature of Pisa syndrome in Parkinson's disease: a resting-state fMRI study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Machine learning identifies lactate metabolism biomarkers and deciphers immune infiltration landscapes in Parkinson's disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Curcumin treatment reduces motor impairments and protects against rotenone-induced neurodegeneration in a rat model of Parkinson disease.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Article
- Stereological analysis of cholinergic neurons within bilateral pedunculopontine nuclei in health and when affected by Parkinson's disease.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Modulating the cholinergic system-Novel targets for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Review
- Altered effective connectivity in Parkinson's disease patients with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study and support vector machine analysis.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2025Article
- Elucidation of blink reflex characteristics in Parkinson's disease subtypes through prepulse inhibition.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Parkinson's Disease: Cells Succumbing to Lifelong Dopamine-Related Oxidative Stress and Other Bioenergetic Challenges.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- From Synaptic Physiology to Synaptic Pathology: The Enigma of α-Synuclein.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Temporal Investigations of the Changes in Presynaptic Inhibition Associated With Subthalamic Nucleus-Deep-Brain Stimulation.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2023Article
- Feed-forward metabotropic signaling by Cav1 CaNeurobiology of disease · 2023Article
- Bioelectronic Zeitgebers: targeted neuromodulation to re-establish circadian rhythms.Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics · 2023Article
- Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Projections to the Pedunculopontine Nucleus Modulate Dyskinesia.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by hypokinetic motor features; however, patients also display non-motor symptoms like sleep disorders. The standard treatment for PD is dopamine replacement with L-DOPA; however, symptoms including gait deficits and sleep disorders are unresponsive to L-DOPA. Notably, these symptoms have been linked to aberrant activity in the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN). Of late, clinical trials involving PPN deep brain stimulation (DBS) have been employed to alleviate gait deficits. Although preclinical evidence implicating PPN cholinergic neurons in gait dysfunction was initially promising, DBS trials fell short of expected outcomes. One reason for the failure of DBS may be that the PPN is a heterogenous nucleus that consists of GABAergic, cholinergic, and glutamatergic neurons that project to a diverse array of brain structures. Second, DBS trials may have been unsuccessful because PPN neurons are susceptible to mitochondrial dysfunction, Lewy body pathology, and degeneration in PD. Therefore, pharmaceutical or gene-therapy strategies targeting specific PPN neuronal populations or projections could better alleviate intractable PD symptoms. Unfortunately, how PPN neuronal populations and their respective projections influence PD motor and non-motor symptoms remains enigmatic. Herein, we discuss normal cellular and neuroanatomical features of the PPN, the differential susceptibility of PPN neurons to PD-related insults, and we give an overview of literature suggesting a role for PPN neurons in motor and sleep deficits in PD. Finally, we identify future approaches directed towards the PPN for the treatment of PD motor and sleep symptoms.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.