ArticleAnesthesia, essays and researches
A Comparative Study of Tramadol and Clonidine as an Additive to Levobupivacaine in Caudal Block in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Perineal Surgeries.
Article in Anesthesia, essays and researches. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clonidine as an Additive to Local Anesthetics in Caudal Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Pediatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Opioid-sparing analgesia with clonidine versus fentanyl in inguinal hernia repair: a randomized clinical trial.Hernia : the journal of hernias and abdominal wall surgery · 2026Trial
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCaudal block is a simple, safe procedure with fewer side effects to provide intraoperative and postoperative analgesia in pediatric patients. Many drugs were used as an additive to local anesthetics in caudal block. All these drugs had their own side effects.
aimsIn this study, we compare the effects of tramadol and clonidine as an additive to levobupivacaine in caudal block in children undergoing perineal surgeries regarding hemodynamic changes, analgesic effects, and side effects. SETTINGS AND
designThis is a prospective, double-blind randomized, controlled study, conducted in Department of Paediatric Surgery, at King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh during 2017-2018. MATERIALS AND
methodsAfter informed consent and ethical clearance from institutional ethics committee, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow. Total 66 patients aged 1-10 year, planned for perineal surgery were randomly allocated according to computer-generated random number, into three groups. Group I - 0.25% levobupivacaine (1 mL.kg STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The values were represented in number (%) and mean ± standard deviation. Comparison of quantitative variables between the study groups was done using ANOVA test and Mann-Whitney U-test. Categorical data were analyzed using Chi-square test.
resultsPostoperative analgesic effect was significantly longer in levobupivacaine with clonidine group as compared to tramadol with levobupivacaine group and levobupivacaine alone group.
conclusionClonidine in a dose of 1 μg.kg
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.